Digestion Flashcards
(22 cards)
Why do we digest food?
We need to break down large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules for absorption into the blood.
What are the main components of a balanced diet?
Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins, fibre, and water.
What are the roles of carbohydrates in a balanced diet?
Carbohydrates provide energy.
What do proteins do in the body?
Proteins build bodies.
What do fats provide in a balanced diet?
Fats provide energy.
What is the function of minerals in the diet?
Minerals, like iron, are essential for haemoglobin in blood.
What is the role of vitamins in the diet?
Vitamins, like vitamin C, maintain healthy tissues.
What is the function of fibre in the diet?
Fibre provides bulk.
What are the consequences of excess energy intake?
Excess energy can lead to obesity and other health problems.
What can excess sugar lead to?
Excess sugar can lead to type II diabetes, tooth decay, and obesity.
What are the food tests for starch?
The chemical used is iodine, and the colour change is from brown to blue/black.
What are the food tests for glucose?
The chemical used is Benedict’s, and the colour change is from blue to brick red.
What are the food tests for protein?
The chemical used is Biuret, and the colour change is from blue to violet.
What is emulsification?
Emulsification is the process where bile breaks fats into smaller droplets to increase surface area for digestion.
What is the role of the liver in digestion?
The liver secretes bile.
What is the function of villi in the small intestine?
Villi increase surface area for the diffusion of soluble food into the blood.
What is peristalsis?
Peristalsis is the waves of muscular contraction that force food along the oesophagus and through the gut.
What does the pancreas secrete?
The pancreas secretes all enzymes needed for digestion.
What is the function of the large intestine?
The large intestine absorbs water.
What does blood do with digested food?
Blood carries the digested food to the cells.
What can glucose be stored as?
Glucose can be stored as glycogen.
What are amino acids used for in the body?
Amino acids are used to build new proteins.
