Digestion

Question 0

Mucosa

Answer 0

• Innermost layer of epithelial tissue

- produces and releases secretions needed for digestion

Question 1

Digestive tract tissue layers

Answer 1

1) Mucosa
2) Submucosa
3) Muscularis
4) Serosa

Question 2

Submucosa

Answer 2

-Connective tissue composed of blood and lymphatic vessels along with nerves

Question 3

Muscularis

Answer 3

• Two layer of smooth muscle (longitudinal and circular) responsible for GI motility and mixing food
• Two types of contractions; segmentation and peristalsis

Question 4

Segmentation contraction

Answer 4

responsible for mixing

Question 5

Paristalsis contractions

Answer 5

Responsible for moving food through GI tract

Question 6

Serosa

Answer 6

Connective tissue that serves as outer covering to protect the GI tract

Question 7

3 layers of stomach muscle

Answer 7

1) Longitudinal
2) Circular
3) Diagnal

Question 8

3 Cell Types in the Gastric Pits

Answer 8

1) Parietal cells
2) Mucus secreting cells
3) Chief cells

Question 9

Parietal cells

Answer 9

• produces HCL by using H+/K+ anti-porter and Cl- transporter
• breaks down/denatures
• kills microbes/bacteria

Question 10

Mucus secreting cells

Answer 10

• Secrete polysaccharide mucus

- mucus contains bicarbonate

Question 11

Chief cells

Answer 11

-Produces digestive enzymes

Question 12

Gastroesophageal sphincter

Answer 12

Regulates the flow of good from the esophagus into the stomach

Question 13

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 13

Regulates flow of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine

Question 14

Anal sphincter

Answer 14

Regulates outflow of feces

Question 15

5 Important sphincters throughout GI tract

Answer 15

1) Epiglottis
2) Gastroesophageal sphincter
3) Pyloric sphincter
4) Ileocecal sphincter
5) Anal sphincter

Question 16

Epiglottis

Answer 16

• Blocks opening to lungs

- part of involuntary phase

Question 17

Gastroesophogeal sphincter

Answer 17

-Regulates flow of food from esophagus into the stomach

Question 18

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 18

-Regulates flow of chyme from stomach into small intestine

Question 19

Ileocecal sphincter

Answer 19

-Limits reflux of colonic contents into small intestine

Question 20

Anal sphincter

Answer 20

-Regulates outflow of feces

Question 21

What structures are responsible for carbohydrate digestion? And what enzymes are used?

Answer 21

Mouth: salivary amylase

Small Intestine: Pancreatic amylase, sucrase, maltase, alpha-dextrinase

Question 22

What structure are responsible for digesting Protein?

Answer 22

Stomach: Pepsin
-secreted by chief cells
Small Intestine: Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase A and B
-all secreted by pancreas

Question 23

What are the structures responsible for digesting Lipids?

Answer 23

Mouth: lingual lipase
Stomach: gastric lipase, gastric churning
Small Intestine: bile, pancreatic lipase