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Nutrition > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

Salivary glands

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2
Q

Salivary glands include:

A 
Sublingual
Submandibular
Parotid
Amylase
Lingual lipase
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3
Q

Under tongue

A

Sublingual

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4
Q

Back of jaws

A

Submandibular

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5
Q

In cheeks

A

Parotide

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6
Q

Produce saliva

A

Amylase

Lingual lipase

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7
Q

Saliva composition and functions

A

Antimicrobial
Lubrication
Digestion

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8
Q

Antimicrobial includes

A 
Lysozyme
IgA
Lactoperoxidases
Lactoferrin
Glycoprotein
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9
Q

Lubrication includes

A

Water (95% of saliva)

Mucus

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10
Q

Digestions includes

A

Amylase

Lingual Lipase

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11
Q

Initiate carbohydrate digestion

A

Anylase

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12
Q

Initiate fat digestion in infants

A

Lingual lipase

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13
Q

Steps in swallowing

A

Bolus - Pharynx
Epiglottis closed
Esophagus (mouth to pharynx)

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14
Q

Rhythmic wave-like muscle contractions that mix food and moves it through the GI tract

A

Esophagus

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15
Q

Process of digestion

A

Oral Phase
Pharyngeal Phase
Esophageal Phase

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16
Q

Stamach acid goes back up

A

Heartburn

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17
Q

Heart burn triggered by

A

Heavy meals
Eating while lying down
Tomata, citrus, garlic, etc.
Alcohol/carbonated drinks

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18
Q

Dysfunctional LES

Chronic irritation of the lining of the esophagus

A

Gastroesophageal Reflex Disease (GERD)

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19
Q

Stomach Digestion time

A

1-4 hours

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20
Q

J-shaped pouch
Base of breast bone
Slightly to the left

A

Stomach

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21
Q

Stomach capacity

A

0.25 - 1.7 liters

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22
Q

Filling up

A

Stretch receptors

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23
Q

Increase surface area

A

Inner folds (rugae)

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24
Q

Controls stomach emptying

A

Pyloric sphincter

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25
Lined with mucus, release gastric juice
Gastric mucosa
26
Mechanical Digestion in stomach
Fundus (Bolus) Acid-food mix (Chyme) Duodenum
27
Chemical digestion in stomach
``` Rennin Pepsin Gastric lipase Mucus HCl Intrinsic Factor Gastrin ```
28
Causes milk clotting (infants)
Rennin
29
Complex proteins to polypeptides
Pepsin
30
Break down short and medium chain fats
Gastric lipase
31
Protects stomach, moistens food
Mucus
32
Kills microbes, dissolve food particles, activates pepsinogen into pepsin
HCl
33
Needed to absorb Vit B12
Intrinsic Factor
34
Stimulates parietal cells to release HCl, and chief cells to produce pepsinogen
Gastrin
35
Chief cell includes
Rennin Pepsin Gastric lipase
36
Mucous neck cell includes
Mucus
37
Parietal cell includes
HCl | Intrinsic Factor
38
G-cell includes
Gastrin
39
Other gastric secretions
Histamine Ghrelin Serotonin
40
Immune response and increase gastric acid production
Histamine
41
Hormone that stimulates appetite
Ghrelin
42
Multifunctional bioamine
Serotonin
43
Stomach absorbs
``` Water Vitamins (B12) Alcohol Certain Drugs Specific SCFA ```
44
Stomach emptying
Very slowly Few mL at a time 1-4 hours
45
Factors that affect stomach emptying
Stress/anxiety Medications Overeating Hormones
46
Between stomach and large intestine Mainly chemical digestion Absorbs most nutrients and drugs
Small Intestine
47
3 parts of the Small Intestine
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
48
Receives bile and pancretic juice Acidic chyme is neutralized Chemical digestion
Duodenum (1.5ft)
49
Most absorption
Jejunum (7-10ft)
50
Absorbs Vit B12, bile salts, nutrients not absorb in the jejunum
Ileum (10-13ft)
51
Type of movement produced by SI muscles under the control of nerve impulses or hormonal stimuli
``` Peristaltic Waves Pendular movements Segmentation rings Longitudinal rotation Surface villi motions ```
52
Push food mass forward
Peristaltic waves
53
Stirring chyme at the mucosal surface
Pendular movements
54
Relax and contract to chop food mass into soft lumps and mix with GI secretions
Segmentation rings
55
Roll food mass in a spiral motion to mix and expose new surfaces for absorption
Longitudinal rotation
56
Stir and mix chyme at the intestinal wall | Expose additional nutrients for absorption
Surface villi motions
57
Largest gland
Liver
58
Weight of liver
1.4 - 1.8 kg
59
Functions of liver
Build or breakdown Bile formation Detoxification Blood glucose level regulation
60
Pear-shaped gland next to SI
Gall bladder
61
Function of the gall bladder
Stores bile produced by the liver
62
About the length of your hand | Next to SI
Pancreas
63
Functions of the pancreas
Pancreatic juice | Glucoregulatory hormones
64
Pancreatic juices
``` Trypsin Chymotrypsin Amylase Lipase Bicarbonate ```
65
Glucoregulatory hormones
Insulin Glucagon Amylin Somatostatin
66
Chemcial Digestion in the SI
Mucus Bile Hormones
67
Secreted by intestinal cells | Protect mucosal lining from HCl
Mucus
68
Emulsify fat
Bile
69
Hormones in the SI include
Secretin | Cholecystokinin
70
Controls acidity and secretion of enzymes from the pancreas
Secretin
71
Triggers release of bile when fat is present
Cholecystokinin
72
Unhealthy villi results to
Lower nutrient absorption | Flattened brush border with villous atrophy
73
5-7 ft long Connects with the small intestine 12-15 hrs emptying
Large Intestine
74
LI absorbs
``` Water Salts (Na and K) Vitamin K SCFA Gases ```
75
Not digested because of the lack of enzyme Important bulk to food mass and helps form feces Fermented by gut bacteria
Dietary Fiber
76
Large Intestine Secretion speed depends on
``` Stress How much What we eat Physical activity Hormonal environment ```

Nutrition (5 decks)

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