Digestion AO1

Question 1

Name the Enzymes and where they are found in the body.

Answer 1

• Amylase- salivary glands, small intestine and pancreas
• Maltose- small intestine
• Lipase- pancreas
• Peptidase- small intestine
• Protease- stomach, pancreas, small intestine

Question 2

When do enzymes work best at. (Temperatures and Ph)

Answer 2

Temperature: 35-40 degrees
Ph: 6 and 8

Question 3

What happen to enzymes at really high temperatures?

Answer 3

Enzymes become denatured which means they cannot work as well.

Question 4

Why are enzymes important in the body?

Answer 4

Enzymes are proteins that control the speed of the chemical reactions in the body.

Question 5

What if there were no enzymes in the body?

Answer 5

The reactions that take place in the body would be too slow to keep you alive.

Question 6

What’s are the symptoms of deficiency of carbohydrates? (name 3 at least)

Answer 6

Lack of:

• Energy
• Tiredness
• Dehydration
• Nausea
• Quick loss of weight

Question 7

what is protein deficiency and the condition?

Answer 7

• Protein deficiency is where there is not enough protein in the diet.
  Condition:
• kwashiorkor which is a severe deficiency, it is a form of malnutrition caused by a deficiency in protein.

Question 8

What condition does Iron cause?

Answer 8

Iron deficiency can cause anaemia which is where there is not enough iron in the body. This will make you feel tired.

Question 9

What is iron and why is it important?

Answer 9

Iron is a micronutrient that is essential in haemoglobin as these transport oxygen in the blood

Question 10

What can deficiency of protein cause?

Answer 10

Kwashiorkor- a severe form of malnutrition

Question 11

What symptoms can be found in protein deficiency?

Answer 11

Weight loss
Scaly/flaking skin
Stiff/painful joints
Small bumps on the back of upper arms

Question 12

What is calcium deficiency?

Answer 12

Calcium deficiency is related to low bone mass and weakening due to osteoporosis. Calcium is needed for strong bones and teeth and helps with the heart, nerves and muscle work.

Question 13

What is vitamin D essential for?

Answer 13

Essential for strong bones, aids the body use calcium from the diet. Vitamin D synthesises calcium.

Question 14

What can occur in sodium deficiency?

Answer 14

Hyponatremia- sodium levels drop below 130M if drop below 125M seizures and a coma can happen.

Question 15

What can vitamin C cause?

Answer 15

Scurvy

Question 16

Why is vit C needed?

Answer 16

To make collagen- required for health and repair of various tissues and health.

Question 17

Function of the heart

Answer 17

Pumps blood around the body for oxygen.

Question 18

Function of pancreas

Answer 18

• Metabolises sugar

- Breaks down fats, protein and carbohydrates

Question 19

Function of the liver

Answer 19

• The liver produces bile which is decreased into the small intestine to emulsify fat.
• Processes blood that is absorbed from the small intestine which contains the nutrients

Question 20

Function of the stomach

Answer 20

The stomach holds food while it’s being mixed with enzymes to break down the different foods, this is done until it is a paste or in liquid form.

Question 21

Function of the small intestine

Answer 21

Continuous breakdown of food

Absorb nutrients from food

Question 22

Function of the large intestine

Answer 22

Processing waste

Question 23

Function of the mouth

Answer 23

Breaks down the food into smaller pieces to be digested.

Saliva is produced to break down the food chemically.

Question 24

Function of oesophagus

Answer 24

Pushes food down the oesophagus into the stomach through a series of muscle contractions.

Question 25

Function of gall bladder

Answer 25

- Stores bile and waits for signal to be given by the small intestine which says that food is present.

Question 26

Symptoms of carbohydrate deficiency.

Answer 26

- lack of energy - dehydration - tiredness - nausea

Question 27

Symptoms of fat deficiency

Answer 27

- dry skin - painful/stiff joints - scaly/flaky skin - craving fatty food

Question 28

Symptoms of calcium deficiency

Answer 28

- confusion/memory loss - muscle cramps - easy fracturing of bones - hallucinations

Question 29

Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency

Answer 29

- bone pain - fatigue - muscle weakness - unable to think clearly

Question 30

Symptoms of vitamin C deficiency

Answer 30

- dry skin - split hair - tooth loss - weight loss

Question 31

Symptoms of sodium deficiency

Answer 31

- weakness - fatigue - headache - nausea

Question 32

Role of hydrochloric acid in the digestive system

Answer 32

- Sterilize the food to stop bacteria from entering the body. - triggers the release of enzymes to breakdown food

Question 33

Role of bile in the digestive system

Answer 33

- emulsifies fat (mixes fat and water together) | - absorbs fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)

Question 34

Role of mucus in the digestive system

Answer 34

- used as a lubricant and protects digestive and respiratory tracts

Question 35

Role of the condensation and hydrolysis reactions in carbohydrates

Answer 35

condensation reaction- occur when molecules are covalently joined together and water is formed hydrolysis reaction- requires water molecule to break covalent bond between two sub units.

Question 36

Role of the condensation and hydrolysis reactions in lipids

Answer 36

condensation- occurs between the three hydroxyl groups of glycerol and the carboxyl groups of three fatty acids which forms a triglyceride. Hydrolysis- occur in the presence of water, break these molecules down into their constituent subunits

Question 37

Role of condensation and hydrolysis reactions in proteins

Answer 37

condensation- occur between amino acids build up peptide/protein chain. hydrolysis- break the peptide bond and form its constituent amino acids.