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Biology 9th Grade > Digestion, Macromolecules, Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Digestion, Macromolecules, Cellular Respiration Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Important of a balanced diet?

A

Provides necessary nutrients and energy

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2
Q

Why do human needs to consume food for energy?

A

The food is broken down into ATP during digestion

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3
Q

What are the elements in carbohydrates?

A

1 carbon, 2 oxygen, 1 hydrogen

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4
Q

What are the elements in protein?

A

Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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5
Q

What are the elements in lipids?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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6
Q

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

A

Glucose

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7
Q

What is the polymer of carbohydrates?

A

Starch

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8
Q

What are carbohydrates functions?

A

Main source of energy

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9
Q

Where are carbs digested and what enzymes are involved?

A

In the salivary glands using analyze

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10
Q

Monomer of protein?

A

Amino acids

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11
Q

Polymer of proteins?

A

Protein

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12
Q

Function of protein?

A

Controls rate of enzyme reactions

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13
Q

Place where proteins are digested and enzyme used?

A

Stomach using pepsin

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14
Q

Monomer of lipids?

A

Triglyceride

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15
Q

Polymer of lipids

A

Fatty acids

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16
Q

Function of lipids

A

Stores energy

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17
Q

Place where lipids are digested and enzyme used?

A

Pancreas using lipase

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18
Q

Function of mouth

A

Teeth to chew food and enzymes to chemically break down food

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19
Q

Function of salivary glands

A

Makes enzymes for digestion in the mouth

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20
Q

Function of Esophagus

A

Connects mouth to stomach

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21
Q

Function of liver

A

Makes bile; stores iron; detoxifies chemicals

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22
Q

Function of gall bladder

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A

Stores bile before it is released into the small intestine

23
Q

Function of stomach

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A

Strong muscles to grind up food and uses acid to chemically break down food

24
Q

Function of pancreas

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A

Releases digestive enzymes and insulin into small intestine

25
Function of small intestine
Some food breakdown and lots of nutrient absorption into the blood stream
26
Function of large intestine
Absorbs water into body
27
Function of anus
Exit for all undigested food and waste
28
What is a substrate
The substance with which an enzyme reacts
29
What is the active site
The place where the reaction takes place
30
What is meant by enzyme specificity
Refers to the tendency for enzymes to catalyze a specific set of chemical reactions
31
What is a monosaccharide
A type of sugar molecule from the food you eat that are absorbed from your gut into your blood and carried to the cells in your body for energy
32
What is a disaccharide
A type of sugar molecule that needs to be broken down into monosaccharide components before it can be absorbed into the blood
33
What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6+6O2=6CO2+6H2O+36 ATP (glucose+oxygen converts to carbon dioxide+water+36 ATP)
34
What are the three steps of aerobic cellular respiration
Glycolysis Kreb's Cycle Electron Transport Chain
35
Where does glycolysis take place
Cytoplasm
36
What is used in glycolysis?
Glucose
37
What is the output of glycolysis
2 pyruvate
38
How much atp is produced after glycolysis
2
39
Where does the Kreb's Cycle take place
Mitochondria
40
What is the input of the Kreb's Cycle
2 puruvate
41
What is the output of the Kreb's Cycle
CO2
42
How much ATP is produced after the Kreb's Cycle
2
43
Where does ETC take place
Mitochondria
44
What is the input of ETC
Hydrogen and electrons
45
What is the output of the ETC
water and carbon dioxide
46
How much ATP is produced after the ETC
32
47
What are the two kinds of anaerobic cellular respiration
Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation
48
What are the steps of lactic acid fermentation
1. Glycolysis | 2. Two pyruvates convert into lactic acid because of the lack of oxygen
49
What are the steps of alcoholic fermentation
1. Glycolysis | 2. Two pyruvate turn into ethanol and carbon dioxide
50
What happens during glycolysis
In the cytoplasm, glucose molecules are broken down into two pyruvate and two ATP are formed
51
What happens during the Kreb's Cycle?
In the mitochondria, the two pyruvate turn into CO2, hydrogen, and electrons, two ATP is produced
52
What happens during the Electron Transport Chain
In the mitochondria, the hydrogen and electron are added to oxygen, these combine to make six water molecules and 32 ATP
53
What is the goal of cellular respiration?
To break down food into energy

Biology 9th Grade (4 decks)

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