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My notes > Digestive Anatomy and Processes Pt 1 > Flashcards

Digestive Anatomy and Processes Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

sequence for the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract

A
  • take in food
  • break food down into its component parts (nutrient molecules)
  • absorb the nutrient molecules into the bloodstream
  • rid the body of any indigestible remains
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2
Q

Accessory organs

A

teeth, tongue, gallbladder, digestive glans

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3
Q

Digestive glands

A

salivary glands, liver, pancreas

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4
Q

ingestion

A

eating

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5
Q

propulsion

A

moving food through the GI tract

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6
Q

peristalsis

A

rhythmic waves of smooth muscle contraction - propels food through the GI tract

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7
Q

mechanical breakdown

A

chewing, mixing food with saliva, churning food, segmentation

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8
Q

segmentation

A

local constrictions of the SI to mix food with digestive juices

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9
Q

digestion

A

series of catabolic steps in which enzymes break complex food molecules down into their chemical building blocking

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10
Q

absorption

A

passage of digested fragments from the lumen of the GI tract into blood/lymph

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11
Q

peritoneum

A

robust serous membranes of the abdominopelvic cavity

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12
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

membrane on the external surface of most digestive organs

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13
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

membrane on the wall of the abdominal cavity

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14
Q

peritoneal cavity

A
  • fluid filled space between the two peritoneum
  • fluid lubricates the mobile organs
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15
Q

mesentery

A

a double-layer of peritoneum – extends to the digestive organs from the abdominal walls

  • provides routes for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
  • holds organs in place and stores fat
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16
Q

peritoneal organs

A

organs located within the peritoneal cavity

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17
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A

organs located outside - posterior to - the peritoneum

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18
Q

4 tunics of the GI tract

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis Externa
  4. Serosa
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19
Q

Mucosa

A

tunica layer that lines the lumen, a moist epithelial membrane

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20
Q

3 sublayers of mucosa

A
  • epithelium
  • lamina propria
  • muscularis mucosae
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21
Q

epithelium

A

simple, columnar epithelium rich in mucus-secreting cells
- the mouth, esophagus, anus are stratified, squamous
- protects digestive organs from enzymes, eases food passage
- may create and secrete its own enzymes and hormones

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22
Q

lamina propria

A

loose, areolar connective tissue
- rich supply of capillaries for nourishment and absorption
- may create lymphoid follicles to defend against microbes

23
Q

muscularis mucosae

A

very thin layer of smooth muscle

24
Q

functions of mucosa

A
  • secretes mucus, digestive enzymes, hormones
  • absorbs the end products of digestion
  • protects against infectious disease
25
Q

Submucosa

A
  • areolar connective tissue
  • contains blood and lymphatic vessels, lymphoids follicles, and a nerve plexus
  • abundant number of elastic fibers to help organs regain their shape after storing a large meal
26
Q

muscularis Externa

A
  • muscle layer responsible for segmentation and peristalsis
  • contains an inner, circular muscle layer and an outer, longitudinal muscle layer
  • the circular layer occasionally thickens to form sphincters
27
Q

Sphincters

A

act as valves to prevent backflow and control the passage of food

28
Q

serosa

A
  • outermost, superficial layer
  • same as visceral peritoneum
  • formed from areolar connective tissue covered with mesothelium
  • replaced by fibrous adventitia in the esophagus
  • retroperitoneal organs have both an adventitia and a serosa
29
Q

sphenic circulation

A

arteries that branch off the abdominal aorta to serve the digestive organs and hepatic portal circulation

30
Q

Arterial supply

A
  • branches of the celiac trunk supply the spleen, liver and stomach
  • mesenteric arteries supply the large and small intestines
31
Q

hepatic portal circulation

A

collects nutrient-rich venous blood draining from the digestive viscera and brings it to the liver

32
Q

The GI tract’s own nervous system is called the

A

enteric nervous system

33
Q

SLide 15

A
34
Q

structure on slide 19

A
35
Q

What is found in saliva

A
  • mostly water and slightly acidic
  • contains electrolytes, salivary amylase, mucin, lysozyme, urea, IgA antibodies, and defensins
36
Q

functions of saliva

A
  • cleanse the mouth
  • dissolved food chemicals for taste
  • moisten food, compact it into a bolus
  • begin breakdown of starch with the enzyme salivary amylase
37
Q

3 salivary glands

A
  • parotid
  • submandibular
  • sublingual
38
Q

parotid

A

anterior to the eat, external to the masseter; parotid duct to the oral vestibule

39
Q

submandibular

A

medial to the body of the mandible; duct to the base of lingual frenulum

40
Q

sublingual

A

anterior to the submandibular; opens to the floor of the mouth via 10-12 ducts

41
Q

How many mature permanent teeth are there

A

32

42
Q

deciduous teeth

A
  • 20 baby teeth
  • erupt between 6 and 24 months
43
Q

incisors

A

chisel shaped for cutting

44
Q

canines

A

fang-like for tearing, piercing

45
Q

premolars (bicuspids)

A

broad crowns with rounded cusps, used to grind/crush

46
Q

molars

A

broad crowns with rounded cusps, best for grinding

47
Q

where does the esophagus pierce through the diaphragm

A

esophageal hiatus

48
Q

gastroesophageal/cardiac sphincter

A

surrounds the orifice
- orifice is close when food is not being swallowed
- mucus cells on both sides of the sphincter helps protect the esophagus from acid reflux

49
Q

heartburn

A
  • burning, radiating, substernal - pain; mimics MI pain
    cause: regurgitation of starch acid into the esophagus
  • symptoms: GERD
50
Q

hiatal hernia

A
  • structural abnormality caused by abnormal weakening of the gastroesophageal sphincter
  • superior portion of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm
51
Q

deglutination

A

swallowing

52
Q

2 phases of deglutination

A
  • buccal phase
  • pharyngeal esophageal phase
53
Q

buccal phase

A

voluntary contraction of the tongue

54
Q

pharyngeal-esophageal phase

A

involuntary phase driven by the vagus nerve; controlled in the swallowing centers of the medulla and lower pons; respiration is momentarily inhibited, and all undesired routes are blocked

My notes (11 decks)

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