Digestive System 1

Question 1

What does the GI tract contain ?

Answer 1

Oral cavity
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine

Question 2

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands ?

Answer 2

1. Parotid
2. Submandibular
3. Sublingual

Question 3

What do parotid glands do ?

Answer 3

Secrete a serous fluid into the oral cavity via a very long duct

Question 5

What do the submandibular glands do ?

Answer 5

Secrete seromucous fluid into the oral cavity via a long duct

Question 6

What do sublingual glands do ?

Answer 6

Secrete a mucous fluid into the oral cavity via several short ducts

Question 7

What is another name for salivary stones ?

Answer 7

Sialolithiasis

Question 8

What are gums called ?

Answer 8

Gingivae

Question 9

How are the cells organised in the oral cavity ?

Answer 9

Stratified squamous

Question 10

What are the 3 regions of the oral cavity ?

Answer 10

1. Masticatory mucosa- gingivae and hard palate
2. Specialised mucosa- surface of the tongue
3. Ordinary lining mucosa- everywhere else

Question 11

What is the posterior 1/3 of the tongue ?

Answer 11

Lingual tonsil

Question 12

What is the anterior 2/3 of the tongue covered in ?

Answer 12

Many taste buds

Question 13

What are the 4 papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue ?

Answer 13

1. Filiform papilla
2. Fungiform papilla
3. Circumvallate papilla (look like a V)
4. Foliate papilla

Question 14

Location of the pharynx

Answer 14

Posterior to the oral cavity

Question 15

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx ?

Answer 15

1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

Question 16

What is the role of the oropharynx ?

Answer 16

Allows food from the oral cavity to reach the oesophagus

Question 17

What is the oesophagus ?

Answer 17

A muscular tube which carries masticated food from the pharynx to the stomach, passing through the diaphragm to enter to abdomen

Question 18

What are the 2 important transitions in the oesophagus?

Answer 18

1. Muscular- skeletal muscle in the superior portion, smooth muscle in the inferior portion, and mixed in the middle.
2. Histological- epithelium transitions sharply from SSNK to simple columnar at the gastro-oesophageal junction.

Question 19

What is Barrett’s oesophagus?

Answer 19

A change in the cells which can lead to cancer

Question 20

What are the 4 layers of the hollow tube of the GI tract ?

Answer 20

1. Mucosa
2. Sub mucosa
3. Muscularis externa
4. Adventitia/ Serosa

Question 21

What layers make up the Mucosa in the hollow tube ?

Answer 21

1. Epithelium
2. Lamina propria
3. Muscularis mucosa

Question 22

How is the Muscularis externa organised ?

Answer 22

Inner circular fibres and outer longitudinal fibres

Question 23

What forms to enteric nervous system?

Answer 23

1. Meissner’s plexus
2. Auerbach’s plexus

Question 24

What is Meissner’s plexus ?

Answer 24

It is associated with the Muscularis mucosae and regulates fluid secretion and absorption aswell as blood flow

Question 25

What is Auerbach’s plexus ?

Answer 25

It is associated with the Muscularis Externa and regulates motility in the GI tract

Question 26

What are the stomachs functions ?

Answer 26

1. Break down solid food into semi-solid chyme 2. Deliver chyme to the Duodenum 3. Digest protein using pepsin 4. Regulate rate of passage into the Duodenum 5. Create intrinsic factor

Question 27

Where is the pyloric sphincter found ?

Answer 27

At the distal end of the stomach

Question 28

Where is the cardiac sphincter found ? What is another name for it ?

Answer 28

At the proximal end of the stomach. Also called the lower oesophageal sphincter.

Question 29

What are gastric pits ?

Answer 29

They are openings in the stomach lining where acid is produced and released

Question 30

What do parietal cells do ?

Answer 30

Produce HCL and intrinsic factor

Question 31

What do G cells and D cells do ?

Answer 31

G cells produce gastrin. D cells produce somatostatin.

Question 32

What do chief cells do ?

Answer 32

Produce pepsin

Question 33

What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

Answer 33

Tumours in the pancreas or small intestine cause the stomach to produce too much acid, resulting in peptic ulcers