Skeletal Systems Flashcards
What are the 6 main functions of the skeletal system?
- Contains red bone marrow for blood cell formation
- Mineral store for calcium and phosphates
- Determines the shape of the body
- Protection of vital organs
- Function as levers by acting with muscle to facilitate joint movement
- Provides support
What are the types of bone?
- Long
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
- Short
- Flat
Example of an irregular bone
Vertebrae
Example of long bone
Femur
Example of sesamoid bone
Patella
Example of short bone
Ankles and wrists
Example of a flat bone
Scapula
What are growth plates most commonly located?
Metaphysis
What is yellow marrow ?
Adipose tissue
What is endosteum?
Tissue that lines the medullary cavity
What is periosteum?
A membrane of connective tissue that covers the outside of all bones
Diaphysis
The shaft (middle part) of a long bone
What are trabeculae?
Thin columns and plates of bone that create a spongy structure
Features of spongy bone
Strong, but minimises weight so that bones aren’t too heavy, limiting movement
How are trabeculae organised ?
They are aligned along principle lines of stress
What is Wolff’s law?
Bone adapts itself according to the load it is experiencing
What are osteoblasts? And where are they found?
Immature bone cells found on bone surfaces (periosteum and endosteum)
What do osteoblasts do?
Secrete organic bone matrix
What are osteoclasts ? Where are osteoclasts found?
They are multinucleate cells derived from monocytes In the endosteum
What do osteoclasts do?
Secret acids and enzymes that remove bone matrix
What are osteocytes?
Mature bone cells that are stellate
What do osteocytes do?
Petrous
Rocky
