Digestive System

Question 1

Where does peristalsis during digestion happen?

Answer 1

Stomach and esophagus

Question 2

What happens before peristalsis in the stomach?

Answer 2

Segmentation (kneeding) to mix up material in stomach

Question 3

How much can the stomach hold?

Answer 3

~3L food/liquid

Question 4

Where is HCl made?

Answer 4

gastric pits of stomach

Question 5

What’s the pH of the small intestine?

Answer 5

8-8.2

Question 6

What is a major glycoprotein made in the stomach?

Answer 6

Intrinsic factor

Question 7

What does intrinsic factor do?

Answer 7

Binds vitamin B-12, goes into small intestine and intestinal capillaries. Necessary for production of mature RBCs and normal neurological function

Question 8

How did we get around our need for catalysts?

Answer 8

Developed enzymes to make/break bonds to create new products

Question 9

What’s the average enzyme turnover rate?

Answer 9

1 million/sec

Question 10

What role does fiber have in aiding digestion?

Answer 10

It traps water and stretches the small intestine which activates peristalsis

Question 11

What do lacteals do in the small intestine?

Answer 11

Absorb the breakdown products of fats (they can’t go into intestinal capillaries because they’re not water soluble)

Question 12

Name the portions of the small intestine from proximal to distal

Answer 12

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 13

How much total water do the small intestines use for digestion and nutrient absorption daily? How much of it is used up?

Answer 13

9L/2L (7L goes into large intestine where it’s absorbed into the bloodstream and then returned to the tissues)

Question 14

What happens when the large intestine is sensitive and water doesn’t get absorbed back into the bloodstreama?

Answer 14

Diarrhea.

Question 15

Describe nutrient absorption in the small intestines

Answer 15

The breakdown of starch, glycogen, and proteins digested needs enzymes and water before it can move into the intestinal capillaries

Question 16

List 8 functions of the liver

Answer 16

1. facilitates digestion of lipids by producing bile 2. Stores fat-soluble vitamins, iron, and vit D hormone 3. Stores glycogen & thus helps regulate blood sugar levels 4. Stores lipids from unused glycogen 5. Uses amino acids from intestines to synthesize clotting factors and albumin 6. Inactivates toxins 7. Converts ammonia to urea 8. Breaks down old RBCs and secretes bilirubin into bile

Question 17

How long is the small intestine?

Answer 17

28-32 ft

Question 18

What area of the stomach has sensors for fullness that releases serotonin?

Answer 18

Fundus

Question 19

How long does it take for the stomach to empty normally?

Answer 19

2-4 hours after meal

Question 20

What is the time frame for “full” digestion?

Answer 20

24-72 hours start to finish

Question 21

What is peritonitis?

Answer 21

Having bacteria in the abdominal cavity- can be fatal

Question 22

What is and isn’t in bile?

Answer 22

NO ENZYMES. but bile has cholesterol, bile salts, ions, and pigments

Question 23

What does lecithin do?

Answer 23

It acts as an emulsifier (acts as a “soap”). We can’t have oil going into large intestine undigested. Need emulsification mixing oil-based with water-based

Question 24

What would someone with liver disease present with?

Answer 24

Probably BLEEDING- because they aren’t making clotting factors

Question 25

What is albumin/where is it made? What does it do?

Answer 25

It is a binding/transport protein produced in the liver. 60% of all protein in bloodstream is albumin

Question 26

How much gastric juice is secreted by the stomach each day?

Answer 26

2.5L

Question 27

What does pepsin do?

Answer 27

Cleaves proteins into peptides

Question 28

Name sections of the large intestine from proximal to distal

Answer 28

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, anal canal