Digestive System

Question 1

What are the 5 processes which food undergoes

Answer 1

Ingestion 
Digestion 
Assimilation
Absorption 
Egestion

Question 2

What are the two types of digestion

Answer 2

Mechanical and Chemical

Question 3

Where does mechanical digestion take place

Answer 3

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestines

Question 4

Define mechanical digestion

Answer 4

When food is eaten, large pieces are physically broken down

Question 5

Where does chemical digestion take place

Answer 5

Mouth
stomach
Small intestine

Question 6

Define chemical digestion

Answer 6

Digestive juices break down the food into soluble molecules

Question 7

What is Ingestion

Answer 7

Taking in food and chewing

Question 8

What is Digestion

Answer 8

Ingested food is broken down

Question 9

What is Absorption

Answer 9

Soluble food molecules are taken up the bloodstream

Question 10

What is Assimilation

Answer 10

Absorbed food is used to provide energy

Question 11

What is Egestion

Answer 11

Undigested food is excreted

Question 12

What does the mouth do

Answer 12

Receives food and begins the process of mechanical digestion

Question 13

What do the lips do

Answer 13

Serve as an opening for food intake and assists in articulation of sound and speech

Question 14

What is a Rubonant animal

Answer 14

Has more than 1 stomach

Question 15

What do teeth do

Answer 15

Mechanically break down food into smaller pieces

Question 16

Name the four types of teeth

Answer 16

Incisor
Canine
Molars
Premolars

Question 17

What does the tongue do (4)

Answer 17

Aids in chewing
Mixes food with saliva
Enables speech
Differentiates flavours

Question 18

What do the salivary glands do

Answer 18

Produce and secrete saliva

Contains salivary amylase which breaks down starch

Question 19

What does the Pharynx do

Answer 19

Connects nasal and oral cavities

Aids in swallowing and serves as a pathway for food from the mouth to esophagus

Question 20

What does the Larynx do

Answer 20

Voice box - Contains vocal cords

Question 21

What is the Epiglottis

Answer 21

Flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the trachea

Question 22

What is the Esophagus

Answer 22

Hollow muscular tube that connects the Pharynx to the stomach
Located behind trachea

Question 23

Two functions of Esophagus

Answer 23

Secretes mucus

Moves food from throat to stomach using peristalsis

Question 24

What happens if stomach acid reaches the Esophagus

Answer 24

Heartburn

Question 25

What is the Uvula

Answer 25

Soft palate which closes the opening to the nasal cavity

Question 26

Two characteristics of the stomach

Answer 26

Wall is thick and Muscular | Stores all food

Question 27

What mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach

Answer 27

Muscular wall causes churning movements that ensure the food is mixed with the stomach juices

Question 28

What chemical digestion occurs in the stomach

Answer 28

Enzymes are secreted that break down the proteins and lipids | Hydrochloric acid kills the bacteria

Question 29

Digestion turns food into an acidic liquid called...

Answer 29

Chyme

Question 30

How long are the small intestines

Answer 30

6.5m

Question 31

What are the three parts of the small intestine and their roles

Answer 31

Duodenum - Digestion of carbs and fats Jejunum - Absorption Heum - Absorption

Question 32

What are the projections on the lining of the intestine and what is their purpose

Answer 32

Villi - Increase surface area to increase absoprtion

Question 33

What are villi covered in

Answer 33

Microvilli - Further increase surface area

Question 34

How long does it take food to pass through the small intestine

Answer 34

1-6hr

Question 35

What are the dimensions of the large intestine

Answer 35

1.5m long | 6cm diameter

Question 36

How long does food stay in the large intestine

Answer 36

8hrs - a few days

Question 37

What does the large intestine absorb

Answer 37

Water Mineral Salt Vitamins

Question 38

What makes up the large intestine

Answer 38

Ascending colon Descending colon Traverse colon Rectum and anus

Question 39

Role of the anus

Answer 39

Egestion of undigested food | Defaecation of faecal matter

Question 40

Where is the appendix located

Answer 40

Beginning of ascending colon

Question 41

What does the Gallbladder do

Answer 41

Stores Bile

Question 42

What is Bile

Answer 42

Substance produced by the liver that breaks down fats

Question 43

What does the liver do

Answer 43

Converts excess glucose to glycogen for storage | Detoxifies / neutralises and absorbs certain toxins

Question 44

What does the Pancreas do

Answer 44

Secretes Pancreatic juice with enzymes that play a role in digestion Secretes the hormones - Insulin and Glucagon which control the blood glucose levels in the body

Question 45

Which raises blood glucose levels | Which lowers blood glucose levels

Answer 45

Glucagon - Raises | Insulin - Lowers

Question 46

How does the small intestine absorb the nutrients

Answer 46

Nutrients from food pass into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine

Question 47

What does the small intestine absorb

Answer 47

``` 80% ingested water Vitamins Minerals Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids/Fats ```