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Biology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 processes which food undergoes

A 
Ingestion 
Digestion 
Assimilation
Absorption 
Egestion
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2
Q

What are the two types of digestion

A

Mechanical and Chemical

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3
Q

Where does mechanical digestion take place

A

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestines

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4
Q

Define mechanical digestion

A

When food is eaten, large pieces are physically broken down

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5
Q

Where does chemical digestion take place

A

Mouth
stomach
Small intestine

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6
Q

Define chemical digestion

A

Digestive juices break down the food into soluble molecules

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7
Q

What is Ingestion

A

Taking in food and chewing

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8
Q

What is Digestion

A

Ingested food is broken down

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9
Q

What is Absorption

A

Soluble food molecules are taken up the bloodstream

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10
Q

What is Assimilation

A

Absorbed food is used to provide energy

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11
Q

What is Egestion

A

Undigested food is excreted

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12
Q

What does the mouth do

A

Receives food and begins the process of mechanical digestion

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13
Q

What do the lips do

A

Serve as an opening for food intake and assists in articulation of sound and speech

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14
Q

What is a Rubonant animal

A

Has more than 1 stomach

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15
Q

What do teeth do

A

Mechanically break down food into smaller pieces

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16
Q

Name the four types of teeth

A

Incisor
Canine
Molars
Premolars

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17
Q

What does the tongue do (4)

A

Aids in chewing
Mixes food with saliva
Enables speech
Differentiates flavours

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18
Q

What do the salivary glands do

A

Produce and secrete saliva

Contains salivary amylase which breaks down starch

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19
Q

What does the Pharynx do

A

Connects nasal and oral cavities

Aids in swallowing and serves as a pathway for food from the mouth to esophagus

20
Q

What does the Larynx do

A

Voice box - Contains vocal cords

21
Q

What is the Epiglottis

A

Flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the trachea

22
Q

What is the Esophagus

A

Hollow muscular tube that connects the Pharynx to the stomach
Located behind trachea

23
Q

Two functions of Esophagus

A

Secretes mucus

Moves food from throat to stomach using peristalsis

24
Q

What happens if stomach acid reaches the Esophagus

A

Heartburn

25
Q

What is the Uvula

A

Soft palate which closes the opening to the nasal cavity

26
Q

Two characteristics of the stomach

A

Wall is thick and Muscular

Stores all food

27
Q

What mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach

A

Muscular wall causes churning movements that ensure the food is mixed with the stomach juices

28
Q

What chemical digestion occurs in the stomach

A

Enzymes are secreted that break down the proteins and lipids

Hydrochloric acid kills the bacteria

29
Q

Digestion turns food into an acidic liquid called…

A

Chyme

30
Q

How long are the small intestines

A

6.5m

31
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine and their roles

A

Duodenum - Digestion of carbs and fats
Jejunum - Absorption
Heum - Absorption

32
Q

What are the projections on the lining of the intestine and what is their purpose

A

Villi - Increase surface area to increase absoprtion

33
Q

What are villi covered in

A

Microvilli - Further increase surface area

34
Q

How long does it take food to pass through the small intestine

A

1-6hr

35
Q

What are the dimensions of the large intestine

A

1.5m long

6cm diameter

36
Q

How long does food stay in the large intestine

A

8hrs - a few days

37
Q

What does the large intestine absorb

A

Water
Mineral Salt
Vitamins

38
Q

What makes up the large intestine

A

Ascending colon
Descending colon
Traverse colon
Rectum and anus

39
Q

Role of the anus

A

Egestion of undigested food

Defaecation of faecal matter

40
Q

Where is the appendix located

A

Beginning of ascending colon

41
Q

What does the Gallbladder do

A

Stores Bile

42
Q

What is Bile

A

Substance produced by the liver that breaks down fats

43
Q

What does the liver do

A

Converts excess glucose to glycogen for storage

Detoxifies / neutralises and absorbs certain toxins

44
Q

What does the Pancreas do

A

Secretes Pancreatic juice with enzymes that play a role in digestion
Secretes the hormones - Insulin and Glucagon which control the blood glucose levels in the body

45
Q

Which raises blood glucose levels

Which lowers blood glucose levels

A

Glucagon - Raises

Insulin - Lowers

46
Q

How does the small intestine absorb the nutrients

A

Nutrients from food pass into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine

47
Q

What does the small intestine absorb

A 
80% ingested water
Vitamins
Minerals
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids/Fats

Biology (7 decks)

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