Digestive System

Question 1

Functions of Digestive System

Answer 1

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food and the absorption of nutrients
Excretion of waste

Question 2

Two types of bowel movements

Answer 2

Mixing Movements:
mix food with digestive juices
Propelling Movements:
called peristalsis; pushes food down the tube

Question 3

Mouth

Answer 3

Begins digestion by chewing and mixing with saliva

Question 4

Tongue

Answer 4

Moves food, connects to floor of mouth via frenulum

Question 5

Amylase

Answer 5

Enzyme breaks down starch into sugars

Question 6

Esophagus

Answer 6

The muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach

Question 7

The cardia

Answer 7

The cardia (or cardiac region) is the point where the esophagus connects to the stomach and through which food passes into the stomach

Question 8

Fundus

Answer 8

Located inferior to the diaphragm, above and to the left of the cardia, is the dome-shaped fundus

Question 9

The body

Answer 9

Below the fundus is the body, the main part of the stomach

Question 10

Pylorus

Answer 10

The funnel-shaped pylorus connects the stomach to the duodenum. The wider end of the funnel, the pyloric antrum, connects to the body of the stomach.

Question 11

Pyloric canal

Answer 11

The narrower end is called the pyloric canal, which connects to the duodenum

Question 12

Pyloric Sphincter

Answer 12

The smooth muscle pyloric sphincter is located at this latter point of connection and controls stomach emptying

Question 13

Stomach lining

Answer 13

Mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself, small openings called gastric pits contain glands
Glands secrete gastric juices to breakdown food

Question 14

Pepsin

Answer 14

Important digestive enzyme for breaking down food

Question 15

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 15

Mechanical digestion is digestion that involves physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles to more efficiently undergo chemical digestion

Question 16

Chemical Digestion

Answer 16

Enzyme-mediated breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules

Question 17

Chyme

Answer 17

The pulpy acidic fluid which passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices

Question 18

Small Intestine

Answer 18

The small intestine absorbs nutrients and water from your food

Question 19

Duodenum

Answer 19

The duodenum is the first segment of the small intestine. It’s largely responsible for the continuous breaking-down process

Question 20

Jejunum

Answer 20

The jejunum is in between the Duodenum and the ileum and is responsible for the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream and the breaking down of food

Question 21

Ileum

Answer 21

It absorbs any final nutrients, with major absorptive products being vitamin B12 and bile acids.

Question 22

Large Intestine

Answer 22

The large intestine turns food waste into stool and passes it from the body when you poop and includes the colon, rectum and anus. It’s all one long tube that continues from the small intestine

Question 23

Cecum

Answer 23

To absorb fluids and salts that remain after completion of intestinal digestion

Question 24

Colon

Answer 24

To dehydrate what’s left of the food and form it into stool. It does this by slowly absorbing water and electrolytes as its muscle system moves the waste along

Question 25

Rectum

Answer 25

The rectum’s job is to receive stool from the colon and hold it until evacuation happens

Question 26

Anus

Answer 26

The lining of the upper anus is able to detect rectal contents. It lets you know whether the contents are liquid, gas or solid

Question 27

Bristol Stool Chart

Answer 27

Used as a research tool to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments for various diseases of the bowel

Question 28

Liver

Answer 28

All the blood leaving the stomach and intestines passes through the liver. The liver processes this blood and breaks down, balances, and creates the nutrients

Question 29

Gallbladder

Answer 29

Its main function is to store bile. Bile helps your digestive system break down fats

Question 30

Pancreas

Answer 30

The pancreas has two main functions: an exocrine function that helps in digestion and an endocrine function that regulates blood sugar