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Yoga > DIGESTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

what is left following the complex process of digestion?

A

waste products and fibre

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2
Q

how does the digestive enzyme called pancreatic lipase work?

A

It is water soluble and can only work at the surface of fat globules

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3
Q

digestion is greatly aided by emulsification.

What is emulsification and and what does it do?

A

it is the breaking up of fat globules into the much smaller emulsion droplets

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4
Q

What does salvia contain?

A

the digestive enzyme called salvary amylase

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5
Q

What does the digestive enzyme salvary amylase start the process of ?

A

a chemical breakdown of starchy carbohydrate into simpler sugars

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6
Q

True or false. There is no chemical breakdown of fat or protein in the mouth

A

TRUE

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7
Q

the pharynx is part of both the …. and the …..

name two

A

digestive and respiritory system

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8
Q

the pharynx’s muscular walls help to do what and where to ?

A

support the swallowing process and move food from the mouth to the oesophagus

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9
Q

because the pharynx serves as two different functions it contains a flap of tissue, what is the flap called ?

A

the epiglottis

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10
Q

the epiglottis acts as a swith to direct what to where

A

food to the oesophagus and inspired air to the larynx

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11
Q

what is the name given to the process of by which food is pushed into the oesophagus from the mouth to the stomach >

A

peristalsis

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12
Q

what is peristalsis and what does it do ?

A

it is rythmical waves of muscles contractions which help push food toward the stomach

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13
Q

no chemical breakdown takes place with peristalsis

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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14
Q

how long is an empty human stomach and what is the internal volume

A

only 15 - 30 cm long and internal volume of just 50 ml

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15
Q

what does the state of an empty stomach look like ?

A

it has deep muscular folds

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16
Q

how much can the stomach hold in litres of partly digested food

A

up to 4 litres

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17
Q

the smooth muscle fibres of the stomach are orientated into how many layers ?

A

3

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18
Q

food is broken down to a thick liquied called

A

chyme pronounced kyme

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19
Q

what is the role of pepsin in the stomach ?

A

it breaks the protein into smaller amino acid chains

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20
Q

What is the role of peptides and gastric lipase in the stomach

A

they will be released to break down short chain triglycerides into fatty acids and mono glycerides.

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21
Q

where can you also find tryglycerides

A

can be found in milk

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22
Q

acid secretion in the stomach is controled by what

A

nerve impulses

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23
Q

what hormone is acid secretion in the stomach controlled by

A

gastrin, which is produced by yet another gastric cell in response to nerve impulses

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24
Q

what is the digestive process also affected by and why

A

our emotional state

we can salivate when food is around

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25
Q

in individuals that produce too much acid or not enough mucus what can happen in the stomach

A

ulcers in the stomach wall

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26
Q

very little absorbtion occurs in the stomach, but name at least two things which can cross the lining of the stmach that can be quicly absorbed

A

alchol and asprin

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27
Q

how long does the churning and digestion take place in the stomach

A

up to five hours

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28
Q

what happens to chyme in the stomach in the digestive process ?

A

it is spurted in small amounts through a small opening called the sphincter

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29
Q

after the chyme is passed through the sphincter into the next part of the tract where does it go

A

the small intestine

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30
Q

how many parts is the small intestine divided into and name them

A

three
the duodenum
the jejunum and the
ilium

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31
Q

where is the major site for the digestion and absorbtion of nutrients

A

the small intestine

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32
Q

the name ‘small intestine’ is misleading, why

A

because it about 7 meteres i.e 25 foot long.

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33
Q

what is the role of the small intestine ?

A

break down the complex structure of nutrients into their useable components.

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34
Q

the liver plays a large part in digestion by doing what

A

secreting bile

35
Q

what is the role of bile in digestion

A

bile emulsifies fat and provides correct environment for the breakdown and absorbtion of fats

36
Q

what happens when the partly digested food enters the small intestine

A

it will be mixed with pancreatic enzymes that break down carbohydrates, protein and fat

37
Q

it is the small intestines role to

A

transport nutrients into the bloodstream

38
Q

what is on the surface area of the small intestine coveredwith

A

millions of villi and micro villi

39
Q

the large surface are of the villi is covered with

What ? and what is its purpose

A

blood capilliaries

for the absorbtion of nutrients

40
Q

At the center of the villi is the lacteal

What does the lacteal connect to

A

lymphatic system

41
Q

the small intestine is also the major site for what ?

A

water absorbtion

42
Q

the small amount of water that is NOT absorbed in the small intestine is passed to where ? or utilised for what ?

A

The large intestome and body or utilised for energy

43
Q

what are three vital functions that water serves in the body

A

utilised for energy

efficient gut function
and
for the effective digestion and absorbtion of other nutrients.

44
Q

what is insoluble fibre also known as

A

non-starch polysaccharide or N S P for short

45
Q

does insoluble fibre (or N S P) disolve in water

A

NO

46
Q

insoluble fibre (N S P) passes through the gut without being broken down, what does this ensure ?

A

helps other foods move through the digestive system more easily

47
Q

insoluble fibre bulks up stools and helps to do what ?

and what is the benefit ?

A

makes waste move through the digestive tract more quicly

which in turn can help consitpation

48
Q

Does soluble fibre disolve in water ?

A

Yes

49
Q

does insoluble fibre (or non starch polysaccharide (N S P) disolve in water

A

no

50
Q

where does soluble fibre disolve ?

A

the water of the digestive system

51
Q

soluble fibre disolves in the water of the digestive system, what can this help with ?

A

it appears to help reduce the amount of cholestorol in the blood

52
Q

although not fully known the exact mechanisms by which colesterol is lowered in the body it it thought
EXPLAIN

A

soluble fibres can be partly digested by the bacteria in the gut and some of the products of this absorbes here! only a very small amout will be excreted by the faeces

53
Q

what is soluble fibre also known as ?

A

cellulose

54
Q

the final stage of digestion happens where ?

and with what ?

A

the large intestine with the partial breakdown of cellulose (soluble fibre).

55
Q

What is the role of the large intestine ?

A

reabsorbe the remaining water from undigested food

56
Q

the undigested food and fibre in the large intestine ends up as what ?

A

faeces

57
Q

what is the journey of the faeces from the large intestine ?

A

it passes to the colon and is then expelled from the body via the anul canal (rectum).

58
Q

where is the liver located ?

A

to the right of the stomach just inferior to the diaphragmand superior to the small intestine.

59
Q

how much does the liver weigh ?
and is the
what
largest organ in the body ?

A

about 3 pounds and is the second largest organ in the body

60
Q

the liver has many different functions in the body but in digestion the main function is
EXPLAIN

A

production of bile acid and its secretion into the small intestine

61
Q

what is the description of a gallbladder and where is the gallbladder located ?

A

small pear shaped organ located just posterior to the liver.

62
Q

what is the role of the gallbladder ?

A

to store and recycle excess bile from the small intestine so that it can be reused for the digeston of subsequent meals

63
Q

what is the pancreas ?
where is it located ?
and how long is it ?

A

it is a large gland, located just inferior and posterior to the stomach.
It is about six inches long

64
Q

what is the role of the pancreas ?

A

it secretes digestive enzymes, including lipase (to break down of fat into fatty acids), amylase (to break down carbohydrates into glucose/sugar) and trypsin (to breakdown protein into amino acids) into the small intestine to complete the chemical digestion of foods.

65
Q

what can fibre in the blood help with

A

cholesterol lowering effect

66
Q

soluble fibre can help to ?

A

make stools more softer and easier to pass

67
Q

some types of fibre can be fermented by gut bacteria helping what

A

to produce substances that appear to be good for gut health

68
Q 
soluble fibre (also known as fermentable fibre) is found in what ?
give some examples for grains, fruits and beans/pulses and root vegetables
A

grains such as oats, barley and rye.
fruits such as bananas and apples
beans and pulses such as baked beans and chickpeas
root vegetables such as carrots and potatoes

69
Q

insoluble fibre (also known as partly fermentable fibre) is found in what ?
and give some examples
g

A 
cereal foods such as high fibre cereals.
wholemeal bread and pasta
brown rice and other whole grains.
vegetables, potatoes with skins on
and nuts and seeds
70
Q

how can dietary fibre help support weight management ?

A

it can delay gastric emptying and lower the glycaemic index of high-modarate glycaemic index foods.

71
Q

by lowering the glyceaemic index of high-moderate glycaemic index foods how will this make you feel and what wil it do ?

A

it may make your feel fuller for longer and present a slow steady release of glucose into the blood stream

72
Q

how long does it take food to move through the entire digestive tract, depending on what

A

24 - 72 hours depending on what foods eaten and how much

73
Q

how long can meat and fish take to move through the entire digestive tract ? and why does it take this amount of time ?

A

as long as two days to fully digest due to the complex protein and fat molecules

74
Q

how long does it take for fruit and vegetable to fully move through the digestive tract ? and why this amunt of time ?

A

in less than a day as they contain fibre

75
Q

how long does it take for processed food to move through the entire digestive tract

A

can be digested in a matter of hours

76
Q

the rate at which food can be fully digested can vary according to the following factors
name three

A

gender
metabolism
and any digestive issues that could slow down or speed up the process

77
Q

Initially food will travel relatively quickly through the digestive system. state how long and the process

A

within 6 to 8 hours food will have moved through:
the stomach
small intestine
large intestine

78
Q

once in the large intestine how long can the partially digested food sit there ?

A

for up to 72 hours

79
Q

while the undigested food sits in the large intestine it is broken down even more, explain what happens then

A

water is reabsorbed for the eliminaton of undigested food/waste products

80
Q

how much of the body is water?

A

60 - 70%

81
Q

water is by far the most important nutrient in the body, give an examples of its importance in relation to blood

A

as the base system for the blood it provides transportation system of the body.

82
Q

what does water help to move to where it is needed

and what does it take away ?

A

nutrients, oxegen, vitamins and minerals

takes away waste products to the excretary organs

83
Q

water plays a vital role in temperature regulation

A

it distributes heat allowing the body to ? check this one out in manual, heat to exercising muscles and to cooler places like the skins surface

84
Q

water is the environment in which

EXPLAIN

A

every single chemical reaction that occurs in the body takes place

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