Digestive System

Question 1

Ingestion?

Answer 1

Combination of mastication by deglutition moving a bolus of food to stomach

Question 2

Prehension

Answer 2

The process of acquiring food through seizing, grasping or other methods

Question 3

Digestion

Answer 3

Physiological actions of the stomach and enzymatic breakdown of food to an absorbable form

Question 4

Absorption

Answer 4

Passage of materials from the lumen of the intestine into the blood stream

Question 5

Metabolism

Answer 5

Chemical reactions where food components are altered to produce or store energy

Question 6

Excretion

Answer 6

Process of eliminating waste products of digestion from tissues and organs from the body

Question 7

Pylorus?

Answer 7

Regulates movement of chyme from stomach to duodenum

Question 8

Cardia

Answer 8

Area with sphincter that comes above it when food not being swallowed

Question 9

Fundus

Answer 9

Contains key gastric glands with parietal chief and mucous cells

Question 10

Pyloric Antrum

Answer 10

Regulates production of hydrochloric acid; secretes gastrin into blood when food present

Question 11

Gastric Mucosa?

Answer 11

Columnar Epithelium, a thin layer of loose areolar connective tissue and muscle. Thin layer that separates it from the submucosa.

Question 12

Submucosa

Answer 12

Comprised of dense, irregular, connective tissue separating it from mucosa. Contains blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves which supply the mucosa.

Question 13

Muscular Externa

Answer 13

Region of muscle responsible for peristaltic movements of the stomach. Comprised of three layers.

Question 14

Order of muscle layers in stomach?

Answer 14

• Longitudinal
• Circular
• Oblique

Question 15

Order of muscle layers in stomach?

Answer 15

• Longitudinal
• Circular
• Oblique

Question 16

Longitudinal

Answer 16

Generates peristaltic movement contractions moving food through the stomach

Question 17

Oblique

Answer 17

Churns and breaks down the bolus of food

Question 18

Circular

Answer 18

Mixes bolus of food via forceful, grinding contractions, moving it to the duodenum

Question 19

Goblet Cells

Answer 19

Produce mucus from stomach wall to protect against auto digestion

Question 20

Parietal Cells

Answer 20

Produces HCl from stomach wall, lowering pH so pepsin can break down protein

Question 21

Chief Cells

Answer 21

Produces pepsinogen which when combined with Hal converts to pepsin to break down protein

Question 22

HCl?

Answer 22

Hydrochloric Acid

Question 23

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the parietal cells to produce Hydrochloric Acid?

Answer 23

Gastrin

Question 24

The mix of partly digested food and secretions from the stomach is referred to as?

Answer 24

Chyme

Question 25

Chyme?

Answer 25

Product in the stomach following food material breakdown, food enters the stomach at gastric pits within gastric lining secrete various gastric juices.

Question 26

Main site for absorption of products following digestion?

Answer 26

Small Intestine

Question 27

Duodenum

Answer 27

Presence of chyme here stimulates production of pancreatic juices and bile

Question 28

Jejunum

Answer 28

Contains large villi, caudal section absorption of majority of nutrients

Question 29

Ileum

Answer 29

Absorption of electrolytes, Vit B12 and bile salts

Question 30

What is absorbed by the colon?

Answer 30

Vitamins, Electrolytes and Water

Question 31

Which cell secretes HCl in the stomach lining?

Answer 31

Parietal Cells

Question 32

The gall bladder stores bile and delivers it to the large intestine via the common bile duct. Select one: True False

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Large Intestine is made up of?

Answer 33

Colon, Caecum, Rectum and Anus

Question 34

What are the villi of the small intestine lined with?

Answer 34

Simple columnar

Question 35

Deglutition?

Answer 35

Swallowing

Question 36

BMR?

Answer 36

energy required to sustain vital functions e.g. heart beat, breathing, nervous activity

Question 37

Peristalsis?

Answer 37

involuntary movement of the intestines moving the contents along the lumen

Question 38

Absorption

Answer 38

transfer of substances; in particular digested food from the lumen of the alimentary tract to blood or lymph

Question 39

Digestion?

Answer 39

the process of breaking down food for absorption in the gut

Question 40

A role of HCl in the stomach is to?

Answer 40

Kills bacteria

Question 41

``` Which of the following enzymes breaks down proteins into peptides and amino acids? Select one: a. Proteases. b. Peptidases c. Bile salts. d. Lipases. ```

Answer 41

Protease

Question 42

How does digested food finally reach the bloodstream?

Answer 42

It is absorbed into the blood through blood vessels

Question 43

Tongue?

Answer 43

Manipulation of food during mastication and swallowing. Also taste, grooming and thermoregulation

Question 44

Colon

Answer 44

Absorbs water, vitamins and electrolytes to aid in compaction and passage of faeces

Question 45

Small Intestine

Answer 45

Receive pancreatic enzymes and bile, secrete own juices and enzymes and digest and absorb nutrients

Question 46

Caecum

Answer 46

No function in carnivores. Site for bacterial breakdown of plant matter for some herbivores

Question 47

Rectum?

Answer 47

Temporary storage site for faecal waste

Question 48

Ascending Colon

Answer 48

Begin process of extraction of waste and other nutrients from waste material

Question 49

Caecum?

Answer 49

Site of microbial action on digestive food stuffs

Question 50

Transverse Colon?

Answer 50

Absorbs water and salt

Question 51

Descending Colon?

Answer 51

Storage of waste which gradually solidifies as it moves through this colon

Question 52

If faeces is not eliminated from the body, it returns to the colon where more what is absorbed to cause constipation which could lead to faecal impaction?

Answer 52

Water

Question 53

Black Faeces indicates?

Answer 53

Bleeding in upper GI tract

Question 54

Bright red faeces?

Answer 54

Undigested blood in lower GI tract

Question 55

Orange Faeces?

Answer 55

Liver issue

Question 56

Yellow Faeces?

Answer 56

food intolerance

Question 57

Pink/Purple Faeces?

Answer 57

HGE

Question 58

Where does starch first undergo chemical digestion?

Answer 58

In the mouth

Question 59

Saliva contains an enzyme to partially digest what?

Answer 59

Starch

Question 60

What is the function of sodium bicarbonate ( NaHCO3 ) in pancreatic juice?

Answer 60

Neutralises acid chyme

Question 61

What would inhibit trypsin’s ability to form an enzyme-substrate complex?

Answer 61

pH of 3

Question 62

Which of these is not a feature of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 62

Myenteric Plexus

Question 63

Vitamins and amino acids are produced in the large intestine by what?

Answer 63

Bacteria