Digestive System

Question 1

What is digestion?

Answer 1

The mechanical and chemical break down of foods into forms the cell membranes can absorb

Question 2

What does the digestive system consist of?

Answer 2

Alimentary canal and accessory organs

Question 3

What does the alimentary canal consist of?

Answer 3

Consist of organs from the mouth to the anus

Question 4

What type of accessory organs does the digestive system consist of?

Answer 4

Organs that empty secretions into the alimentary canal; food doesn’t pass through them

Question 5

What 2 cavities does the alimentary canal pass through?

Answer 5

Thoracic and abdominopelvic

Question 6

What 4 layers make up the alimentary canal walls, from innermost to outermost?

Answer 6

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa

Question 7

Which of the layers of the alimentary canal wall transports absorbed food molecules?

Answer 7

Submucosa

Question 8

What are the 2 types of movements in the alimentary canal?

Answer 8

Mixing and propelling

Question 9

What is peristalsis?

Answer 9

Ring of contractions progressing down the tube, propels food particles down the tract

Question 10

What type of movement happens when rhythmical contractions occur in small sections in the muscle, and it does not move the food in one direction?

Answer 10

Mixing movements

Question 11

What type of movement is peristalsis considered? And why?

Answer 11

Propelling movements because it moves food in one direction

Question 12

How do parasympathetic impulses control digestive activity?

Answer 12

Increase activities of digestive system(secretion and motility)

Question 13

What is the first part of the alimentary canal?

Answer 13

Mouth

Question 14

What is mastication?

Answer 14

The mechanical break down of solid particles, and mixes them with saliva

Question 15

What organ functions as the an organ of speech and sensory reception?

Answer 15

Mouth

Question 16

What does the cheeks form?

Answer 16

Form the lateral walls of the mouth

Question 17

What contains muscles for facial expression and chewing?

Answer 17

Cheeks

Question 18

What portions does the palate consist of?

Answer 18

Hard and soft palate

Question 19

What are the lymphatic masses on the side of the tongue?

Answer 19

Palatine tonsils

Question 20

What are adenoids?

Answer 20

Pharyngeal tonsils; masses of lymphatic tissue in posterior wall of pharynx

Question 21

What begins mechanical digestion?

Answer 21

Teeth

Question 22

What are the incisor teeth used for?

Answer 22

Biting

Question 23

What teeth help with grasping and tearing?

Answer 23

Canines

Question 24

What do molars and premolars help with?

Answer 24

Grinding

Question 25

What covers the crown of teeth?

Answer 25

Enamel

Question 26

What makes up most of the tooth and surrounds pulp cavity?

Answer 26

Dentin

Question 27

___________ holds root in place, along with ___________.

Answer 27

Periodontal ligament; cementum

Question 28

What do the salivary glands secrete?

Answer 28

Saliva

Question 29

What are the functions of saliva?

Answer 29

Helps moisten food particles and binds them together, and dissolves food so it can be tasted

Question 30

What are the 3 pairs of major salivary glands?

Answer 30

Parotid glands, submandibular glands, and sublingual glands

Question 31

What is the largest salivary gland and what does it secrete?

Answer 31

Parotid gland; secretes serous saliva with amylase

Question 32

Where are the submandibular glands located and what do they secrete?

Answer 32

Floor of the mouth; secretes serous and mucous

Question 33

What gland is located under the tongue and mainly secretes mucous?

Answer 33

Sublingual glands

Question 34

What is the saliva made up of?

Answer 34

Enzymes and bicarbonate ions

Question 35

What 2 types of secretory cells do salivary glands secrete?

Answer 35

Serous cells and mucous cells

Question 36

What is salivary amylase?

Answer 36

Watery fluid containing a digestive enzyme

Question 37

What organs have muscular walls, which function in swallowing and do help in food digestion?

Answer 37

Pharynx and esophagus

Question 38

What organ extends from the nasal cavity to the esophagus?

Answer 38

Pharynx

Question 39

What are the parts of the pharynx?

Answer 39

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 40

What tubular organ extends from the pharynx to the stomach?

Answer 40

Esophagus

Question 41

What does amylase do?

Answer 41

It splits starch and glycogen into disaccharides

Question 42

What is the purpose of mucus?

Answer 42

Mucus binds food particles and lubricates food while swallowing

Question 43

What are the 3 stages of swallowing?

Answer 43

First, second and third stage

Question 44

What is the first stage of swallowing?

Answer 44

Saliva is mixed with chewed food, forming a bolus

Question 45

What is the second stage of swallowing?

Answer 45

Starts as good reaches oropharynx, stimulates sensory receptors and triggers swallowing reflexes

Question 46

What protects the nasal cavity from food when swallowing and how?

Answer 46

The soft palate and uvula rise

Question 47

The ________ closes off top of the larynx, to protect trachea.

Answer 47

Epiglottis

Question 48

What happens in the third stage of swallowing?

Answer 48

Peristalsis transports food in the esophagus to the stomach

Question 49

What is another name for esophageal sphincter and what does it do?

Answer 49

Cardiac sphincter and regulates food passage into stomach, and closes to prevent regurgitation of food

Question 50

In what quadrant of the abdominal cavity is the stomach?

Answer 50

Left upper quadrant

Question 51

What are the four parts of the stomach?

Answer 51

Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

Question 52

Describe the cardia of the stomach?

Answer 52

Region near opening of esophagus, contains lower esophageal sphincter

Question 53

Describe the fundus of the stomach

Answer 53

Rounded area that rises above the cardia. It is a temporary food storage that sometime contains swallowed air.

Question 54

What is the main portion of the stomach called? And where is it located?

Answer 54

The body, it lies between the fundus and the pylorus

Question 55

Describe the pylorus of the stomach.

Answer 55

Distal portion, closest to the small intestine

Question 56

What is the purpose of the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 56

Controls gastric emptying

Question 57

What are the components of gastric juice?

Answer 57

Pepsinogen, pepsin, gastric lipase, hydrochloric acid, mucus, and instrinsic factors

Question 58

Sympathetic impulses _________ gastric activity, while parasympathetic impulses ___________ gastric activity.

Answer 58

Decrease, increase

Question 59

What is the purpose of gastric?

Answer 59

Increase gastric juice secretion

Question 60

What hormonal regulation decreases gastric motility?

Answer 60

Cholecystokinin(CCK)

Question 61

What hormone releases bile?

Answer 61

Cholecystokinin(CCK)

Question 62

What helps absorb fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 62

Bile

Question 63

What hormone helps enhance appetite by increase secretion of Neuropeptide Y?

Answer 63

Grehlin

Question 64

What hormone is secreted by adipocytes to suppress appetite?

Answer 64

Leptin

Question 65

What are fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 65

Vitamins A, D, E, and K

Question 66

What are water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 66

Vitamins B and C

Question 67

What the food restrictions for vegans?

Answer 67

no animal foods

Question 68

What are ovo-vegetarians allowed to eat?

Answer 68

Eggs are allowed, but no dairy or meat

Question 69

What are semi vegetarian allowed to eat?

Answer 69

Dairy, eggs, chicken and fish but no other meat is allowed

Question 70

What is the cause of marasmus?

Answer 70

due to lack of calories and protein

Question 71

What nutritional disorder is caused by protein starvation?

Answer 71

Kwashiorkor