Digestive System

Question 1

What is the primary role of the mouth?

Answer 1

help digest food by reducing its size

Question 2

What does the salivary gland create (mouth)?

Answer 2

creates saliva which makes amylase that breaks down simple sugars

Question 3

What is the mechanical digestion in the mouth?

Answer 3

biting, chewing, etc - expose more surface area for enzymes to get more access to the food

Question 4

What does the esophagus make food into?

Answer 4

Bolus - enzyme + food

Question 5

What is the trachea flap?

Answer 5

Epiglottis - which closes when food goes down so it doesn’t go the wrong pipe

Question 6

What do the glands in the esophagus do for the transportation of food?

Answer 6

Creates mucus and helps swallowing

Question 7

What is in the entrance of the stomach?

Answer 7

Esophageal sphincter - which prevents acid to be released out of the stomach

Question 8

How does food go down the esophagus?

Answer 8

Peristalsis - which relaxes and contraction (pushing food down)

Question 9

What is rugae?

Answer 9

The 3 layers of muscle fibers and contract and relax to mix food with gastric juice

Question 10

What is chyme?

Answer 10

bolus + gastric juice

Question 11

What does the stomach produce?

Answer 11

Pepsin, a type of protease enzyme that digests protein

Question 12

How is the stomach not eat itself?

Answer 12

due to the 3 protective layer
- the mucus –> protecting the stomach lining and used to digest food (chemically and mechanical)

Question 13

What are chief cells?

Answer 13

Cells that produce pepsinogen that are inactive forms of pepsin and only are active when food comes in and mix with gastric juices

Question 14

When are gastric juices produced?

Answer 14

when food enters the body

Question 15

What is the parietal cells?

Answer 15

Creates HCl

Question 16

What initiates stomach contraction?

Answer 16

The nerves in stomach

Question 17

What happens in the small intestine?

Answer 17

Digestion finishes and absorption begins

Question 18

Properties of the duodenum:

Answer 18

• receives enzymes from pancreas to further digest macromolecules
• has villi to max surface area

Question 19

Properties of the jejunum:

Answer 19

• more foods
• further break down macronutrients

Question 20

Properties of ileum

Answer 20

• contains fewer villi and pushes waste to large intestine

Question 21

What are important roles that the pancreas does for the digestive system?

Answer 21

• makes fluid to neutralize pH of chymes
• creates insulin
• release enzymes in small intestines

Question 22

What are important roles that the gallbladder does for the digestive system?

Answer 22

Stores biles to be released in small intestine by ducts

Question 23

What are important roles that the liver does for the digestive system?

Answer 23

Produces bile

Question 24

What factors affects an enzymes ability to function?

Answer 24

1. temp
2. pH
   - both have max points and then decrease as it denatures bond permanently

Question 25

Before being converted to energy, what do the smaller molecules (broken down macromolecules) go?

Answer 25

to the liver to be converted

Question 26

What is the actual process of lipids digesting

Answer 26

1. by bile, it breaks the bond into fatty acid and glycerol which allows absorption in cell and make is triglycerides --> becomes aqueous

Question 27

What happens in large intestine

Answer 27

- water absorption - feces turn brown due to bilirubin --> breakdown of hemoglobin

Question 28

Why is fiber important?

Answer 28

Humans can not digest cellulose and allows stool to not be dry

Question 29

What is the benefits of bacteria

Answer 29

- has vitamin k and b - helps with bloating, gas, yeast overgrowth, control pH level, acidity in small intestine

Question 30

What is bile

Answer 30

greenish yellow fluid that help digest fats