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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

tube extending from the mouth to the anus

A

DIGESTIVE TRACT

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2
Q

refers only to the
stomach and intestines

A

GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) TRACT

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3
Q

mouth, including the tongue and teeth, with the salivary glands as accessory organs

A

ORAL CAVITY

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4
Q

intake of solid or liquid food into the stomach

A

INGESTION

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5
Q

divides the tongue into two parts.

A

TERMINAL SULCUS

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6
Q

two dental
arches

A
  • MAXILLARY ARCH
  • MANDIBULAR ARCH
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7
Q

the inflammation and degradation of the periodontal ligaments, gingiva, and alveolar bone

A

PERIODONTAL DISEASE

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8
Q

an inflammation of the gingiva

A

GINGIVITIS

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9
Q

large salivary glands in the oral cavity

A
  • PAROTID GLANDS
  • SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS
  • SUBLINGUAL GLANDS
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10
Q

combination of serous and mucous secretions

A

SALIVA

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11
Q

a proteoglycan that gives a lubricating quality to the secretions of
salivary gland

A

MUCIN

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12
Q

serous part of saliva contains a digestive enzyme

A

SALIVARY AMYLASE

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13
Q

a straight, muscular tube that begins at the distal end of
the sigmoid colon and ends at the
anal canal

A

RECTUM

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14
Q

mucosal lining of the rectum

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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15
Q

extends superiorly from the cecum and ends at the right colic flexure

A

ASCENDING COLON

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16
Q

extends from the right colic flexure to the left colic flexure

A

TRANSVERSE COLON

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17
Q

extends from the left colic flexure to the superior opening
of the true pelvis, where it becomes the sigmoid colon

A

DESCENDING COLON

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18
Q

forms an S-shaped tube that extends into the pelvis and ends
at the rectum

A

SIGMOID COLON

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19
Q

the proximal end of the
large intestine

A

CECUM

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20
Q

a smaller,
blind tube about 9 cm long

A

VERMIFORM APPENDIX

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21
Q

the portion of the digestive tract extending from
the ileocecal junction to the anus

A

LARGE INTESTINE

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22
Q

endocrine and exocrine organ in the control of carbohydrate
metabolis

A

PANCREAS

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23
Q

a saclike structure for bile storage

A

GALLBLADDER

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24
Q

bile is released from the gallbladder by contractions stimulated by

A

CHOLECYSTOKININ

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25
are insoluble aggregates formed in the gallbladder
GALLSTONES
26
an inflammation of the liver that can be caused by alcohol consumption or a viral infection
HEPATITIS
27
infectious hepatitis
HEPATITIS A
28
also called serum hepatitis, is a more chronic infection
HEPATITIS B
29
it is spread by blood transfusions or sexual intercourse
HEPATITIS C
30
involves the death of hepatocytes and their replacement by fibrous connective tissue
CIRRHOSIS
31
(toxic by-product) is converted to urea in the liver
AMMONIA
32
a common bile pigment resulting from the breakdown of hemoglobin
BILIRUBIN
33
has a phagocytic role; it is the hepatic macrophage, engulfing organisms and toxins
KUPFER CELL
34
are the major sites of nutrient absorption
- DUODENUM - JEJUNUM
35
lymphatic nodules; initiate immune responses against microorganisms that enter the mucosa from ingested food
PEYER PATCHES
36
cells with microvilli that produce digestive enzymes and absorb digested food
ABSORPTIVE CELLS
37
also called Paneth cells; help protect the intestinal epithelium from bacteria
GRANULAR CELLS
38
produce regulatory hormones
ENDOCRINE CELLS
39
the mucosa and submucosa form a series of folds
CIRCULAR FOLDS
40
tiny, fingerlike projections of the mucosa form numerous _____
VILLI
41
most of the cells that make up the surface of the villi have numerous cytoplasmic extensions
MICROVILLI
42
combined microvilli on the entire epithelial surface form the _______
BRUSH BORDER
43
the reflux of acidic chyme from the stomach into the esophagus.
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX
44
caused when the gastric juices (acid and pepsin) digest the mucosal lining of the digestive tract
PEPTIC ULCER
45
nearly all peptic ulcers are due to infection by a specific bacterium
HELICOBACTER PYLORI
46
when stomach secretions are increased in anticipation of incoming food
CEPHALIC PHASE
47
when most of the stimulation of secretion occurs
GASTRIC PHASE
48
during which stomach secretion decreases
INTESTINAL PHASE
49
five types of epithelial cells of the stomach
• SURFACE MUCOUS CELLS • MUCOUS NECK CELLS • PARIETAL CELLS • CHIEF CELLS • ENDOCRINE CELLS
50
found on the surface around the gastric pit; it protects the stomach wall from being damaged by acid and digestive enzymes
SURFACE MUCOUS CELLS
51
located near the openings of the glands and produce mucus
MUCOUS NECK CELLS
52
produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
PARIETAL CELLS
53
produce the enzyme pepsinogen
CHIEF CELLS
54
the intake of solid or liquid food into the stomach
INGESTION
55
the process by which the teeth chew food in the mouth
MASTICATION
56
the movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other
PROPULSION
57
some contractions propel food by moving it back and forth within the digestive tract to mix it with digestive secretions
MIXING
58
mixing contractions that occur in the small intestine
SEGMENTAL MIXING
59
aids the food to move through the digestive tract
SECRETION
60
the breakdown of large organic molecules into their component parts
DIGESTION
61
involves the mastication and mixing of food
MECHANICAL DIGESTION
62
accomplished by digestive enzymes secreted along the digestive tract
CHEMICAL INGESTION
63
the movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into the blood or lymphatic system
ABSORPTION
64
the process by which the waste products of digestion are removed from the body
ELIMINATION
65
help local reflexes within the ENS control local digestive tract environments
HISTAMINE
66
regulates most of the nerves of the digestive tract
ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ENS)
67
detect changes in the chemical composition of digestive tract contents
ENTERIC SENSORY NEURONS
68
stimulate or inhibit smooth muscle contraction and glandular secretion
ENTERIC MOTOR NEURONS
69
connect enteric sensory and motor neurons
ENTERIC INTERNEURONS
70
an accumulation of excess serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ASCITES
71
a potentially life-threatening inflammation of the peritoneal membrane
PERITONITIS
72
epithelial cells are produced within tubular invaginations of the mucosa, called
INTESTINAL GLANDS
73
Each villus is covered by simple columnar epithelium and contains a blood capillary network, and a lymphatic capillary called
LACTEAL
74
a posterior projection from the soft palate
UVULA
75
the posterior boundary of the oral cavity
FAUCES
76
attachment to the floor of the mouth by a thin fold of tissue called
LINGUAL FRENULUM
77
the oral cavity is divided into two:
- Vestibule – the space between the lips or cheeks and the teeth - Oral cavity proper – lies medial to the teeth

ANAPHY (7 decks)

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