NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 1

serve as communication lines among sensory organs, the brain and spinal cord, and glands or muscles

Answer 1

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 2

command center, Interprets incoming sensory information

Answer 2

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 3

carry impulses to and from the spinal cord

Answer 3

SPINAL NERVES

Question 4

carry impulses to and from the brain

Answer 4

CRANIAL NERVES

Question 5

transmits electrical signals called, action potential, from sensory receptors in the body to the CNS.

Answer 5

SENSORY DIVISION / AFFERENT DIVISION

Question 6

carry information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints

Answer 6

SOMATIC SENSORY (AFFERENT) FIBERS

Question 7

carry information from visceral organs

Answer 7

VISCERAL SENSORY (AFFERENT) FIBERS

Question 8

nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the central nervous system organs to effector organs

Answer 8

MOTOR DIVISION / EFFERENT DIVISION

Question 9

consciously (voluntarily) controls skeletal muscles

Answer 9

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM = VOLUNTARY

Question 10

automatically controls smooth and cardiac muscles and glands

Answer 10

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM = INVOLUNTARY

Question 11

▪ the “fight-or-flight” division

▪ most active during physical activity

Answer 11

SYMPATHETIC DIVISION

Question 12

▪ The “rest-and-digest” division

▪ Regulates resting functions, such as digesting food or emptying the urinary bladder

Answer 12

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

Question 13

receive stimuli, conduct action potentials, transmit signals to other neurons or effector organs

Answer 13

NEURONS

Question 14

nucleus and metabolic center of the cell

Answer 14

CELL BODY

Question 15

fibers that extend from the cell body

Answer 15

PROCESSES

Question 16

support and protect neurons and perform other functions / Helps form a protective permeability barrier between the blood and the brain and spinal cord

Answer 16

GLIAL CELLS

Question 17

the source of information for protein synthesis

Answer 17

NEURON CELL BODY

Question 18

Branching organizations / conduct impulses toward the cell body

Answer 18

DENDRITE

Question 19

conduct impulses away from the cell body

Answer 19

AXONS

Question 20

functional junction between nerves where a nerve impulse is transmitted

Answer 20

SYNAPSE

Question 21

Have many dendrites and a single axon / most of the neurons within the CNS and motor

Answer 21

MULTIPOLAR NEURONS

Question 22

Sensory neurons found in PNS ganglia / Conduct impulses both toward and away from the cell body

Answer 22

UNIPOLAR NEURONS

Question 23

Have two processes: one dendrite and one axon / The dendrite is often specialized to receive the stimulus, and the axon conducts action potentials to the CNS.

Answer 23

BIPOLAR NEURONS

Question 24

Have a single process extending from the cell body, which divides into two branches

Answer 24

PSEUDO-UNIPOLAR NEURONS

Question 25

Protect neurons from harmful substances in blood / Control the chemical environment of the brain

Answer 25

ASTROCYTES

Question 26

Spiderlike phagocytes / CNS-specific immune cells / Become mobile and phagocytic in response to inflammation

Answer 26

MICROGLIA

Question 27

▪ Line the ventricles (cavities) of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

Answer 27

EPENDYMAL CELLS

Question 28

Wrap around nerve fibers in the central nervous system

Answer 28

OLIGODENDROCYTES

Question 29

major positive ion inside the cell

Answer 29

K+

Question 30

major positive ion outside the cell

Answer 30

NA+

Question 31

The inward rush of sodium ions changes the polarity at that site

Answer 31

DEPOLARIZATION

Question 32

Membrane permeability changes again—becoming impermeable to sodium ions and permeable to potassium ions

Answer 32

REPOLARIZATION

Question 33

Rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli

Answer 33

REFLEX

Question 34

Reflexes occur over neural pathways

Answer 34

REFLEX ARCS

Question 35

Reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles

Answer 35

SOMATIC REFLEXES

Question 36

Regulate the activity of smooth muscles, the heart, and glands

Answer 36

AUTONOMIC REFLEX

Question 37

reacts to a stimulus

Answer 37

SENSORY RECEPTOR

Question 38

carries message to the integration center

Answer 38

SENSORY NEURON

Question 39

processes information and directs motor output

Answer 39

INTEGRATED CENTER (CNS)

Question 40

carries message to an effector

Answer 40

MOTOR NEURON

Question 41

is the muscle or gland to be stimulated

Answer 41

EFFECTOR ORGAN

Question 42

a sensation characterized by a group of unpleasant and complex perceptual and emotional experiences that trigger autonomic, psychological, and somatic motor responses.

Answer 42

PAIN

Question 43

pain-relieving medications

Answer 43

ANALGESICS

Question 44

a painful sensation in a region of the body that is not the source of the pain stimulus.

Answer 44

REFERRED PAIN

Question 45

occurs in people who have had appendages amputated or a structure, such as a tooth, removed.

Answer 45

PHANTOM PAIN

Question 46

Characterized by muscular rigidity; loss of facial expression; tremor; a slow, shuffling gait; and general lack of movement.

Answer 46

PARKINSON'S DISEASE

Question 47

caused by muscle tension. They consist of a dull, steady pain in the forehead, temples, and neck or throughout the head.

Answer 47

TENSION HEADACHE

Question 48

usually occur on only one side of the head and appear to involve a combination of neurological dysfunction and abnormal dilation and constriction of blood vessels.

Answer 48

MIGRAINE HEADACHE