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Biology 12 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Finger like projections that increase SA for absorption in small intestine

A

Villi

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2
Q

Chewed food lump which moves into stomach from esophagus

A

Bolus

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3
Q

Which organ produces bile?

A

Liver

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4
Q

Which organ stores bile?

A

Gall bladder

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5
Q

Enzyme that breaks down DNA and RNA into its separate components

A

Nucleotidase

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6
Q

Inactive form of trypsin

A

Trypsinogen

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7
Q

Small finger like projection that is located between large and small intestine. It is believed to store bacteria that help the function of the digestive system

A

Appendix

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8
Q

Small capillary of the lymphatic system. It is found in villi and it absorbs fat

A

Lacteals (lacteal duct)

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9
Q

Enzyme that works in the duodenum to digest maltose

A

Maltase

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10
Q

Gastric juice contains _______ and _______

A

HCl & pepsin

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11
Q

This gets digested into glycerol and fatty acids

A

Fats

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12
Q

Mucus lines the lining of the ________ to protect it from damage of the contents inside

A

Stomach

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13
Q

This substance is broken down by bile

A

Fats

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14
Q

What does bile do?

A

Breaks down or emulsifies fats into smaller droplets to increase SA and for easier digestion

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15
Q

Slurry of water and food in the stomach that goes into duodenum

A

Chyme

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16
Q

Which duct carries bile from the gall bladder to the duodenum?

A

The common bile duct

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17
Q

The folds of the wall of the stomach are called _______. They can stretch to hold 2 L of food !

A

Rugae

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18
Q

Liquid secreted into the mouth for digestion

A

Saliva

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19
Q

Which sphincter regulates amount of chyme that enters the duodenum ?

A

Pyloric

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20
Q

Which tube connects mouth to stomach

A

Esophagus

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21
Q

The esophagus and intestines move food along using rhythmic muscle contractions called

A

Peristalsis

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22
Q

Which structure contains feces before they are eliminated from body

A

Rectum

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23
Q

This hormone is secreted by pancreas and stimulates the liver to release stored glycogen to increase blood glucose levels

A

Glucagon

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24
Q

The structure responsible for the absorption of water after digestion process complete

A

Large int.

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25
Q

This hormones is secreted by pancreas and stimulates the uptake of glucose levels from the blood by cells

A

Insulin

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26
Q

Further increasing the SA, villi in the small int. contain

A

Micro Villi

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27
Q

Large sac in which digestion of protein begins

A

Stomach

28
Q

Region at the back of throat where mouth and nasal cavity and the top of esophagus meet

A

Nasopharynx

29
Q

Which enzyme breaks from disaccharides like cows milk

A

Lactase

30
Q

Structure responsible for both the digestion and absorption of food nutrients

A

Small int.

31
Q

Peptidase works where and what does it help digest

A

Small int. And helps digest peptides

32
Q

Enzyme that passes through duodenum to break down starch

A

Pancreatic amylase

33
Q

Flap of skin which covers internal nares during swallowing

A

Uvula

34
Q

Organ that secretes several digestive enzymes into small int

A

Pancreas

35
Q

How many sphincters does the average human have

A

2

36
Q

Carbs and protein are absorbed into what bodily system?

A

Circulatory

37
Q

Which vein takes nutrient rich blood from capillaries surrounding small int to the liver?

A

Hepatic portal vein

38
Q

Fats are absorbed into what system of the body?

A

Lymphatic

39
Q

Salivary ______ breaks down starch into maltose in mouth

A

Amylase

40
Q

The first 25-30xm of small int is called________. Much of the chemical digestion occurs there

A

Duodenum

41
Q

Another name for large int

A

Colon

42
Q

_______ juice contains many enzymes including trypsinogen, lipase , and amylase

A

Pancreatic

43
Q

Inactive form of enzyme pepsin

A

Pepsinogen

44
Q

The _______ sphincter prevents backflow of the material from the stomach unit esophagus

A

Cardiac

45
Q

This duct Carries pancreatic juice to common bile duct where the two join into the duodenum

A

Pancreatic duct

46
Q

Open sore on the wall of stomach is called an

A

Ulcer

47
Q

What is the main substance re-absorbed after digestion in large int?

A

Water

48
Q

Enzyme that works for the duodenum to digest fats!

A

Lipase

49
Q

Enzyme secreted by stomach to digest protein

A

Pepsin

50
Q

Which enzyme is created by pancreas to break down rna and dna

A

Nuclease

51
Q

Which enzyme works in duodenum to digest protein

A

Trypsin

52
Q

Substance broken down by saliva

A

Starch

53
Q

Secreted by stomach to breakdown food

A

Acid

54
Q

List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
Salivary amylase

A
  1. salivary gland
  2. mouth
  3. starch into maltose (hydrolysis)
55
Q

List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
Pancreatic amylase

A
  1. pancreas
  2. small int
  3. carbs, starch into maltose
56
Q

List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
pepsin

A
  1. gastric glands
  2. stomach
  3. protein into smaller proteins
57
Q

List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
trypsin

A
  1. pancreas
  2. small int, duodenum
  3. protein into smaller proteins
58
Q

List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
lipase

A
  1. pancreas
  2. small int.
  3. fats into fatty acids and glycerol
59
Q

List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
peptidase

A

1.pancreas and small int.
2. small int
3. breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids

60
Q

List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of : maltase

A

1.mucous membrane of inside of intestinal wall
2. small int
3. helps catalyze the hydrolysis of disaccharide maltose to simple sugars like glucos

61
Q

List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
nuclease

A

1.pancreas
2. small int
3. nucleic acids DNA and RNA

62
Q

List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
nucleotidase

A
  1. liver
  2. in bile, small int
  3. catalyzes hydrolysis of nucleotides
63
Q

during digestion, proteins are broken down into _________. Carbs are broken down into _________, fat into ___________ and ________, and nucleic acids into ____________.

A
  1. amino acids
  2. simple sugars
  3. fatty acids and glycerol
  4. nucleotides
64
Q

what is the optimal ph for trypsin ?

A

works in the small int. ph is alkaline, 8.5

65
Q

optimal ph for salivary amylase

A

neutral, 7.0

66
Q
A

Biology 12 (8 decks)

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