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Biology 12 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

a neurotransmitter released in response to the parasympathetic NS. Puts you in a relaxed state.

A

Acetylcholine

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2
Q

The brain stem

A

medulla oblongata

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3
Q

the portion of the brain that is responsable for maintain hemeostasis

A

hypothalamus

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4
Q

the dorsal root looks Dif. than the ventral root due to the presence of an enlargement called the dorsal root ________.

A

ganglion

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5
Q

the void running down the central spinal cord

A

central canal

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6
Q

the dorsal root conducts nerve impulses _______ the spinal cord.

A

toward

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7
Q

shorter branches of a neutron which receive nerve impulses

A

dendrites

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8
Q

the _________ period occurs when sodium and potassium ions are being returned o their resting potential [ ].

A

refractory

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9
Q

during the resting potential, ________ is the most common ion inside the cell.

A

potassium

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10
Q

synaptic _______ contain the neurotransmitters within the axon ends

A

vesicles

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11
Q

during the resting potential, _______ is the most common ion outside of the cell

A

sodium

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12
Q

the ventral root conducts nerve impulses _______ from the spinal cord

A

away

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13
Q

another word for “sensory” neuron

A

afferent neuron

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14
Q

nerves are bundles of individual cells called _____.

A

neurons

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15
Q

components of the CNS

A

Brain , spinal cord

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16
Q

the coated portions of the axon are called ________

A

Schwann cells

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17
Q

another word for motor neuron

A

Efferent neuron

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18
Q

the voltage inside a neuron at resting potential is about _____

A

-70mv

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19
Q

axon _______ are located at the end of the axon

A

terminals

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20
Q

three protective membranes around the spinal cord

A

meninges:
inner - pia mater
middle - arachnoid
outside - dura mater

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21
Q

the space between the axon ends of one nerve cel and the dendrites of a neighbouring ell

A

synapses

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22
Q

the portion of the nervous system which produces the flight or fight response

A

sympathetic ns

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23
Q

breaks between myelinated sections of an axon

A

nodes of ranvier

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24
Q

the portion of the cerebrum responsable for thinking

A

frontal lobe

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25
portion of cerebrum reponsable for vision
occipital lobe
26
chemical released to transmit a nerve impulse from one nerve cell to the next
a neurotransmitter
27
the portion of the nervous system which is involuntary
autonomie
28
after action potential, sodium and potassium are returned to their resting potential state by the process of ______
active transport
29
the central part of neuron, most activities related to maintenance occur
cell body
30
________ transmitters make post synaptic membrane more permeable to Na and thus more likely to produce an AP.
excitatory
31
the stage of AP where Na ions begin to move into cell
depolarization
32
a neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic ns to induce the fight or flight response
noradrenaline or norepinephrine
33
______ neurone carry nerve cells away from cns
motor
34
a type of neuron found in only the CNS
interneurons
35
the portion of the cerebrum responsable for understanding speech
parietal lobe
36
portion of NS which puts you in a more relaxed state
parasympathetic ns
37
the stage of AP where potassium ions begin to move into the cell
repolarization
38
the name given to the nerve impulse that passes a neuron
action potential
39
the ________ NS contains all the nerves that affect the skeletal muscles
somatic
40
portion of NS that is not the CNS
peripheral NS
41
the portion of brain that receives all info from the senses and decides where to direct it (except for smell)
thalamus
42
involuntary response which bypasses the brain
reflex
43
substance that coats the axons of nerve cells
myelin
44
part of brain responsible for conscious thought
cerebrum
45
the master gland or where hormones get excreted from
pituitary gland
46
this type of transmission occurs bus of the myelinated natural of an axon
saltatory transmission
47
substances that break down neurotransmitters in hypnotic cleft after release.
enzymes
48
the part of brain responsable for maintaining balance
cerebellum
49
a horizontal section in brain that connect both sides
corpus callosum
50
_______ transmitters make the post hypnotic cleft less permeable for Na and thus less likely to produce AP
inhibitory
51
a lobe of cerebrum responsable for hearing and smelling
temporal lobe
52
____ matter in the spinal cord contains mostly cell bodies
gray
53
____ matter in the spinal cord contains mostly bundles of myelinated axons
white
54
there are ____ pairs of _____ nerves.
31, spinal
55
What forms the HINDBRAIN
Medulla Oblongata Cerebellum
56
What forms the FOREBRAIN
Thalamus Hypothalamus Corpus callosum
57
Function of the medulla oblongata
"Brain stem" , controls heart beat, breathing BP, reflex reactions. Primitive
58
Function of the cerebellum
Controls balance and complex muscle movement, muscle coordination receives sensory info from inner ear
59
Function of thalamus
Info relay station all info from body's senses except for smell most be processed in thalamus b4 being sent to cerebral cortex for further processing. regulates which info to pass or not
60
Function of hypothalamus
Regulates hemeostasis Regulates hunger, thirst, body temp, blood volume, pressure controls pituitary gland
61
Function of corpus callosum
Horizontal piece that connects both hemispheres of the brain Transmits impulses between the two, each hemisphere has own memory
62
Function of cerebrum
cerebrum as a whole contains 4 lobes
63
Frontal lobe function
Conscious thought Mouth and tongue movement capacity to plan, organize, self-monitor and control
64
Parietal lobe function
Speech production Primary senses like touch, temp, pressure, pain. Understanding speech and using words
65
Temporal lobe function
Hearing, smelling, interpretation of experiences, memory of visual scenes, music and complex sensory patters
66
Why do reflexes by-pass the brain?
Due to reflex arc, adaptation for survival which is for faster actions. Activates motor neurons instead of delaying reaction time by signals having to first go to brain.
67
Why do we have Myelin in our neurons
the sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently Made out of fatty content and protein
68
Common Inihibatory neurotransmitter
GABBA
69
Common Excitatory neurotransmitter
Dopamine

Biology 12 (9 decks)

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