Digestive System

Question 1

Role of carbohydrates in the body

Answer 1

main source of energy

Question 2

Role of proteins in the body

Answer 2

provide raw materials for growth and repair of structures

Question 3

Role of lipids in the body

Answer 3

make up the cell membrane and help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins

Question 4

Role of vitamins in the body

Answer 4

helps body preform chemical reactions

Question 5

Role of minerals in the body

Answer 5

participates in a variety of things (calcium for bones, iron for hemoglobin)

needed to replace minerals lost in sweat, urine, and digestive wastes

Question 6

Role of water in the body

Answer 6

help in bodily processes where many chemical reactions happen in water, makes up the bulk of blood and other bodily fluids, prevents overheating

Question 7

Functions of the Digestive System

Answer 7

to convert food into small molecules that the cells of the body can use (and get rid of the unnecessary parts of food)

Question 8

What are the four stages of digestion?

Answer 8

ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination

Question 9

What happens during ingestion?

Answer 9

food goes into the mouth

Question 10

What happens during digestion?

Answer 10

food is broken down into smaller molecules (mouth, stomach, small intestine)

Question 11

What happens during absorption?

Answer 11

small molecules are absorbed into the small intestine and enter the circulatory system (through blood vessels)

nutrients leave the alimentary canal and enter the circulatory system to be delivered to cells

Question 12

What happens during elimination?

Answer 12

substances that cannot be digested or absorbed go through the large intestine and leave the body as feces out the anus

Question 13

What enzyme breaks down proteins in the stomach?

Answer 13

pepsin

Question 14

What enzyme breaks down proteins in the small intestine?

Answer 14

trypsin

Question 15

Alimentary Canal

Answer 15

the organs that food passes through whilst being digested; the pathway of food

Question 16

Accessory Organs

Answer 16

organs that aid the digestive process but food does not pass through it

Question 17

What organs make up the alimentary canal?

Answer 17

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 18

What organs are accessory organs?

Answer 18

salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, bile duct

Question 19

Why are organs of the alimentary canal and accessory organs separated into two categories?

Answer 19

alimentary canal has food passing through and is directly involved

accessory organs do not have food passing through and only provides support

their roles and functions in the digestive system are different

Question 20

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 20

physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces to increase surface area

Question 21

Chemical Digestion

Answer 21

chemical breakdown of large molecules into molecules small enough to enter cells (enzymes)

Question 22

Where does digestion happen?

Answer 22

mouth, stomach, small intestine

Question 23

How is food mechanically digested in the mouth?

Answer 23

chewing by teeth grinds and cuts food

also tongue by moving food around

Question 24

How is food mechanically digested in the stomach?

Answer 24

3 layers of smooth muscle in the stomach churn the bolus

Question 25

How is food mechanically digested in the small intestine?

Answer 25

bile produced by liver and released by gallbladder into the bile duct breaks large globs of fats into smaller droplets

Question 26

How is food chemically digested in the mouth?

Answer 26

salivary amylase breaks down carbs into monosaccharides

Question 27

How is food chemically digested in the stomach?

Answer 27

pepsin breaks down proteins into peptides and amino acids

Question 28

How is food chemically digested in the small intestine?

Answer 28

lipase - lipids into glycerol and fatty acids sucrase, maltase, lactase, amylase - carbs into monosaccharides trypsin - proteins into amino acids

Question 29

Bile

Answer 29

a fluid loaded with lipids and salts

Question 30

What produces bile?

Answer 30

the liver

Question 31

Where is bile stored?

Answer 31

in the gallbladder

Question 32

Where is bile released?

Answer 32

into the small intestine using the bile duct

Question 33

What is bile used for?

Answer 33

to emulsify fats (to break down large fats into smaller fats)

Question 34

How does bile emulsify fats?

Answer 34

squeezes itself in between fat droplets to separate them and make them smaller

Question 35

Where does chemical digestion of carbohydrates occur?

Answer 35

mouth, stomach, small intestine

Question 36

When does the digestion of lipids start and end?

Answer 36

start small intestine (duodenum), end small intestine (duodenum

Question 37

When does the digestion of carbohydrates start and end?

Answer 37

start mouth, end small intestine (duodenum)

Question 38

When does the digestion of proteins start and end?

Answer 38

start stomach, end small intestine (duodenum)

Question 39

Result of chemical digestion for carbohydrates

Answer 39

monosaccharides

Question 40

Result of chemical digestion for proteins

Answer 40

amino acids

Question 41

Result of chemical digestion for lipids

Answer 41

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 42

Salivary Amylase

Answer 42

enzyme that is secreted by the salivary glands and breaks down carbohydrates into monosaccharides

Question 43

Pepsin

Answer 43

enzyme that is secreted by glands in the stomach that breaks down proteins into amino acids

Question 44

Trypsin

Answer 44

enzyme that is secreted by the pancreas and enters the small intestine that breaks down proteins into amino acids

Question 45

Lipase

Answer 45

enzyme that is secreted and released by the pancreas and enters the small intestine and breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 46

Pancreatic Amylase

Answer 46

enzyme released by the pancreas into the small intestine to break down carbohydrates into monosaccharides

Question 47

What muscle types are used in the digestive system?

Answer 47

smooth muscle and skeletal muscle

Question 48

What part of the digestive system uses skeletal muscles?

Answer 48

the mouth

Question 49

What part of the digestive system uses smooth muscles?

Answer 49

the rest of the digestive system that is not the mouth

Question 50

Peristalsis

Answer 50

contractions of smooth muscle

Question 51

What does peristalsis have to do with the digestive system?

Answer 51

The esophagus is made up of smooth muscle. Peristalsis occurs which creates enough force for food to go toward the stomach

Question 52

Function of rectum

Answer 52

stores undigested food/waste for later excretion through the anus

Question 53

Nutrition

Answer 53

process by which the body obtains raw materials for food

Question 54

Nutrients

Answer 54

the source of raw materials that the body uses to build tissues and provide energy for cellular work

Question 55

Essential Nutrients

Answer 55

nutrients that must be supplied in diet because the body cannot make them

Question 56

Organic Nutrients

Answer 56

carbs, proteins, lipids (fats), vitamins

Question 57

Vitamins are sometimes called...?

Answer 57

coenzymes because they help out actual enzymes do their job

Question 58

Inorganic Nutrients

Answer 58

water and minerals

Question 59

Bolus

Answer 59

chewed clump of food that leaves the mouth

Question 60

Chyme

Answer 60

bolus that has turned into an acidic liquid (oatmeal-like) in the stomach

Question 61

Epiglottis

Answer 61

flap that covers the trachea (windpipe) when food moves from the pharynx to the esophagus

Question 62

Gastric Juice

Answer 62

"stomach juice" is a mixture of mucus, hydrochloric acid, and pepsin

Question 63

Which part of the small intestine do secretions from the pancreas and gallbladder enter?

Answer 63

duodenum

Question 64

Villi

Answer 64

finger-like projections in the small intestine

Question 65

Purpose of Villi

Answer 65

to increase the surface area for absorption of food

Question 66

What neutralizes stomach acid before food enters the small intestine?

Answer 66

sodium bicarbonate (a base) produced by the pancreas

Question 67

Organs involved in absorption

Answer 67

small intestine, large intestine (water only)