Muscular/Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

shape & support for the body, protecting internal soft organs, assists movement, and stores minerals and fats, site of blood cell formation

Question 2

How does the skeletal system assist in movement?

Answer 2

provide a site of attachment for muscles

Question 3

How does the skeletal system assist in producing blood cells?

Answer 3

red bone marrow

Question 4

How does the skeletal system assist in storing minerals and fats?

Answer 4

minerals: calcium in compact bone
fats: yellow bone marrow

Question 5

What are the functions of the muscular system?

Answer 5

movement, keeps heart pumping, digestion, blood circulation

(think of what the skeletal, smooth, cardiac does)

Question 6

Axial skeleton

Answer 6

part of the skeleton that protects the soft internal organs

Question 7

What bones make up the axial skeleton?

Answer 7

skull: cranium and mandible (brain), vertebral column (spinal cord), rib cage (heart and lungs)

Question 8

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 8

part of the skeleton that helps with movement of the body

(bones in arms and legs)

Question 9

Ligaments

Answer 9

tough connective tissue that connects bone to bone

(located on the outer layer of the joint capsule)

Question 10

Tendons

Answer 10

tough connective tissue that connects muscles to bones

located on parts of the appendicular skeleton skeleton

Question 11

Cartilage

Answer 11

flexible connective tissue that provides cushioning at the end of bones

(to prevent bone on bone grinding)

Question 12

What are the types of joints?

Answer 12

immovable, slightly movable, and freely movable

Question 13

Function of Joints

Answer 13

place where bones attach to each other and allow bones to move w/o damage

Question 14

Immovable joint

Answer 14

a joint that does not allow any movement

(ex. the place where two parts of the cranium meet)

Question 15

Slightly movable joint

Answer 15

a joint that allows a small amount of movement

(ex. the joints in between each vertebrae bone)

Question 16

Freely movable joints

Answer 16

Joints that allow movement in two directions

(ex. the joint at which the humerus and ulna meet [forearm bone and elbow kinda])

Question 17

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer 17

can be found in the shoulder and hips that allow for a wide range of movement in different directions

Question 18

Hinge joint

Answer 18

allows for back and forth movement

(ex. can be found where the humerus and ulna meet or knee and shin)

Question 19

Saddle joint

Answer 19

allows for back and forth sliding in two directions

(ex. the thumb)

Question 20

periosteum

Answer 20

connective tissue around compact bone

Question 21

What is the anatomy of bones (starting from the first layer)

Answer 21

Connective Tissue –> Compact Bone, Haversian canals, blood vessels, yellow bone marrow, and osteocytes –> Spongy bone and red bone marrow

Question 22

Function of compact bone

Answer 22

stores calcium and gives the bone structure

Question 23

Function of Haversian canals

Answer 23

give a passageway for blood vessels to go through

Question 24

Function of yellow bone marrow

Answer 24

stores fat

(cells)

Question 25

Function of red bone marrow

Answer 25

produces blood cells (from stem cells)

Question 26

Osteocytes

Answer 26

bone cells, make up the compact bone, can create more bone cells

Question 27

Function of spongy bone

Answer 27

provides and add strength to the bone without adding more mass (bones are light)

Question 28

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 28

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 29

Structure of skeletal muscle

Answer 29

striated, long, multiple nuclei

Question 30

Structure of cardiac muscle

Answer 30

striated, branched-shaped cells, 1 or 2 nuclei, smaller

Question 31

Structure of smooth muscle

Answer 31

not striated, spindle-shaped cells, 1 nucleus

Question 32

Function of skeletal muscle

Answer 32

contracts to pull on bones (makes the body move voluntarily)

Question 33

Function of cardiac muscle

Answer 33

contracts to make the heart beat and pump blood (involuntary)

Question 34

Function of smooth muscle

Answer 34

contracts to move substances through the body (involuntary)

Question 35

Examples of smooth muscle

Answer 35

move food through digestive tract, control blood flow in blood vessels, decrease the size of pupils

Question 36

Location of skeletal muscle

Answer 36

attached to bones

Question 37

Location of smooth muscle

Answer 37

walls of hollow organs (organs of digestive system, blood vessels, pupils of eyes)

Question 38

Location of cardiac muscle

Answer 38

heart

Question 39

What are the two protein filaments inside of muscles?

Answer 39

myosin and actin

Question 40

Sliding Filament Theory

Answer 40

myosin filaments form cross bridges (binds) with the thin actin filaments to pull them toward the center of the sarcomere

Question 41

Myosin

Answer 41

thick filament in the middle of a sarcomere that forms cross bridges

Question 42

Sarcomere

Answer 42

a unit that contains the two Z-lines, actin filaments with a myosin filament in the middle

Question 43

Actin

Answer 43

thin filaments that connect two Z-lines together

Question 44

What is needed for muscle contractions to occur?

Answer 44

ATP (energy)

Question 45

What neurotransmitter is used from a motor neuron to a skeletal cell?

Answer 45

acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 46

The impulse from motor neurons to skeletal cells will release what that allow myosin cross-bridges to bind to actin?

Answer 46

calcium ions

Question 47

How do skeletal muscles work in pairs?

Answer 47

opposing pairs; when one muscle contracts, the other relaxes

Question 48

Between the bicep and tricep, which one contracts and which one relaxes when the arm bends?

Answer 48

bicep contracts, tricep relaxes

Question 49

Between the bicep and tricep, which one contracts and which one relaxes when the arm extends?

Answer 49

bicep relaxes, tricep contracts

Question 50

Between the quads and hamstring, which one contracts and which one relaxes when the leg bends?

Answer 50

quads relax, hamstring contracts

Question 51

Between the quads and hamstring, which one contracts and which one relaxes when the leg extends?

Answer 51

quads contract, hamstring relaxes