Meiosis + Fertilization

Question 1

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 1

when two organisms come together to make offspring through fertilization

Question 2

Gametes

Answer 2

sex cells (egg, sperm)

Question 3

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 3

chromosomes that are the same size and shape and have the same genes

Question 4

Diploid

Answer 4

a cell with 2 sets of chromosomes (2n)

Question 5

Haploid

Answer 5

a cell with one set of chromosomes (n)

Question 6

Zygote

Answer 6

a cell that is made from fertilization (when the egg and sperm meet; a fertilized egg)

Question 7

Tetrad

Answer 7

a structure that consists of homologous chromosomes

Question 8

Crossing Over

Answer 8

the exchange of genes between the chromosomes in a tetrad

Question 9

The process of meiosis helps ____ diversity

Answer 9

genetic

Question 10

Purpose of Meiosis

Answer 10

to create gametes with half the number of chromosomes

Question 11

Meiosis I

Answer 11

homologous chromosomes are split

Question 12

Purpose of Meiosis I

Answer 12

to pair up homologous chromosomes; cross-over; genetic diversity; split homologous chromosomes

Question 13

Stages in Meiosis I

Answer 13

Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I

Question 14

End result of Meiosis I

Answer 14

2 cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent

Question 15

Meiosis II

Answer 15

to split sister chromatids and make gametes

Question 16

Stages in meiosis II

Answer 16

Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Question 17

End result of Meiosis II

Answer 17

4 non-identical cells with half the number of chromosomes at the parent

Question 18

How many divisions happen during mitosis?

Answer 18

1

Question 19

How many divisions happen during meiosis?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

Fertilization

Answer 20

the process where an egg and a sperm cell meet to make a zygote

Question 21

Zygote

Answer 21

a cell created from fertilization; a fertilized egg

a diploid cell made from two haploid cells meeting

Question 22

Cycle of Life

Answer 22

Adults –> Meiosis –> Egg and Sperm –> Fertilization –> Zygote –> Mitosis –> makes an embryo —> Mitosis into an adult

Question 23

Synapsis

Answer 23

the pairing of homologous chromosomes and cross-over

Question 24

Somatic Cell

Answer 24

a cell that is any cell of a living organism that is not a reproductive cell

Question 25

What cells divide during meiosis?

Answer 25

sex organ cells (ovaries, testes)

Question 26

Once the chromosomes have formed a pair, what are they called?

Answer 26

tetrad

Question 27

Recombinant Chromatids

Answer 27

paired chromosomes that have already exchanged the same type of gene in their non-sister chromatids

Question 28

After meiosis how many copies of chromosomes do each cell have?

Answer 28

one copy of half of the genetic information

Question 29

What type of cells does meiosis result in?

Answer 29

gametes

Question 30

Why does crossing-over rarely occur in mitosis, unlike meiosis?

Answer 30

tetrads rarelt form in mitosis