Digestive system Flashcards by Amalia Lombardi

Exocrine gland functioning in metabolism, bile production, and detoxification of blood

Liver

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Stores bile

Gallbladder

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Gland that produces pancreatic juices

Pancreas

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Membrane lining the abdominal cavity and abdominal organs

Peritoneum

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A growth or mass of tissue that protrudes from a mucous membrane

Polyp

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Inflammation of the pharynx
-Usually viral
-Causes sore throat

Pharyngitis

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Inflammation of the gingiva (gums)
-Usually caused by plaque build up

Gingivitis

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Inflammation of the esophagus
-Often caused by gastroesophageal reflux
-Often associated with dyspepsia or heartburn

Esophagitis

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Inflammation of the stomach lining
-Often associated with alcohol, NSAIDs, or smoke
-May be chronic or acute

Gastritis

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Inflammation of the small intestine
-Usually bacterial infection
-Can include the stomach and colon as well

Enteritis

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Inflammation of the colon
-May be subtypes (IBS, Chron’s, Ulcerative colitis)
-May be acute or chronic

Colitis

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Inflammation of the vermiform appendix
-Can rupture if left untreated

Appendicitis

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Inflammation of the peritoneum
-Primary is the result of ___
-Secondary is the result of ___

Peritonitis
-Primary is the result of an infection
-Secondary is the result of a ruptured organ

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Tiny pouches in the intestinal tract

Diverticula

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The formation of diverticula in the intestinal tract

Diverticulosis

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Inflammation of the diverticula
-Usually happens when food particles become trapped

Diverticulitis

An open sore or lesion of skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue
-Usually in the stomach or small intestine
-Usually occurs because of tissue erosion and often caused by a bacterial infection

Ulcer

Causes ulcers in the lower part of the colon, other parts of the large intestine, and lining of the rectum

Ulcerative colitis

Where are these ulcers located?
1. Peptic
2. Gastric
3. Duodenal

In the stomach and the duodenum
In the stomach
In the duodenum

Inflamed blood vessels around the rectum
-May occur because of stress, pregnancy, or aging

Hemorrhoids

A thickening of the pylorus
-Occurs in babies (under 6mo old)
-Causes forced vomiting
-Fixed with a surgical procedure

Pyloric stenosis

A defect or deformity
-Any development malformation affecting the digestive system

Malformation (anomaly)

Abnormal protrusion of part of an organ or tissue through a weak spot in the wall that normally contains it
-May be associated with pregnancy, heavy lifting, obesity, or pathology

Hernia

What are the Hyperplastic and neoplastic disorders in the digestive system?

-Carcinoma of the stomach (gastric cancer)
-Liver cancer
-Colorectal cancer
-Polyps (may be benign or malignant)

Obstruction from an abnormal constriction of a passageway or orifice

Stenosis

Obstruction from an abnormal protrusion of part of an organ or tissue through a weak spot in the wall that normally contains it

Hernia

Obstruction from the loss of muscle movement

Paralysis

Obstruction from a twisting of the intestine

Volvulus

Obstruction from a portion of the intestine slips into a pervious section (telescoping)

Intussusception

Obstruction due to inflammation from an infection

Infectious blockage

Obstruction due to something like gallstones

Bile duct blockage

Obstruction by two areas adhere to each other that would not normally be connected

Adhesion

Inflammation of the liver -Several types and several causes -Can be acute or chronic -May be associated with jaundice -Other types can include autoimmune, drug-induced, alcoholic, typeD, typeE

Hepatitis

Types of hepatitis: 1. Viral, always acute 2. Chronic, associated with body fluids 3. Acute or chronic, associated with body fluids

1. Hepatitis A 2. Hepatitis B 3. Hepatitis C

Degenerative disorder of the liver -Chronic -Usually caused by alcoholism or hepatitis -Causes the liver to harden -May cause buildup of nitrogenous waste, and/ or ascites

Cirrhosis

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Cholecysitis

Formation of the gallstones in the gallbladder

Cholelithiasis

Infection of the bile duct(s) -Acute -Caused by a blockage

Cholangitis

Inflammation of the pancreas -Occurs due to autolysis of the pancreas -May be associated with alcoholism and gallstones, a blockage of the pancreas, and/ or necrosis of surrounding tissue that leads to hemorrhaging

Pancreatitis