Digestive System

Question 1

examples of eating disorders (2)

Answer 1

anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa

Question 2

behavior of anorexic person

Answer 2

obsess about their weight and the food they eat

Question 3

behavior of bulimic person

Answer 3

cycle of binging (eating large amounts of food), purging (throwing everything up), and restricting

Question 4

famous celebrity that spoke about her experience with EDs?

Answer 4

Jane Fonda (bulimia)

Question 5

problems with miss america (2)

Answer 5

bmi has been declining since before the 1930s, average bmi is 18-19

Question 6

how many americans are obese?

Answer 6

about 1/3 of american adults

Question 7

which parts of our diet do added sugars come from (7)

Answer 7

soft drinks, table sugar make up over half
+ baked goods, fruit drinks, ice cream, candy, cereal

Question 7

what are added sugars?

Answer 7

sugar carbohydrates added to food and drinks during processing or preparation

Question 8

how long do fat cells (adipocytes) remain after being formed?

Answer 8

forever

Question 9

what does dieting do to the body?

Answer 9

triggers metabolic slowdown

Question 10

components of digestive system (11)

Answer 10

mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 11

capacity of stomach

Answer 11

approx. 6 cups of food

Question 12

what’s in stomach juices? (3)

Answer 12

HCl, pepsinogen (inactive), pepsin (active, breaks down proteins)

Question 12

what do current obesity drugs target in general?

Answer 12

the brain and appetite for short-term weight loss
they don’t directly target metabolism

Question 13

what do stomach cells secrete into the bloodstream

Answer 13

the gastrin hormone

Question 14

what does gastrin do

Answer 14

stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl)

Question 15

what is the small intestine?

Answer 15

a long, narrow, winding, muscular tube

Question 16

how long is the small intestine

Answer 16

10 feet long

Question 17

where is bile produced and stored

Answer 17

produced by liver, stored in gallbladder

Question 18

function of bile

Answer 18

physically breaks down fat globules

Question 19

where is pancreatic juice produced and its function

Answer 19

in the pancreas, secretes enzymes that break down carbs, proteins, fats

Question 20

where is intestinal juice produced and its function

Answer 20

small intestine, aids in digestion

Question 21

what are villi and their function

Answer 21

tiny fingerlike folds in the wall of the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream (from 10ft to 1/4 of a football field)

Question 22

what is left after absorption in the small intestine (2)

Answer 22

waste material, fiber

Question 23

what does the colon absorb from the waste (3)

Answer 23

water, potassium, sodium

Question 24

examples of colon malfunction (3)

Answer 24

appendicitis, constipation, colon cancer

Question 25

symptom of colon cancer (1)

Answer 25

blood in feces

Question 26

possible causes of colon cancer (2)

Answer 26

genetic defects, low-fiber diet

Question 27

what's one way to prevent colon cancer?

Answer 27

eat more dietary fiber

Question 28

types of dietary fiber (2)

Answer 28

soluble and insoluble fiber

Question 29

what does soluble fiber do (3)

Answer 29

- retains water - turns to gel during digestion - slows digestion and nutrient absorption in stomach and intestine

Question 30

what does insoluble fiber do (2)

Answer 30

- speeds passage of food through stomach and intestine - adds bulk to stool

Question 31

what are probiotics, give one example

Answer 31

live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host ex: yoghurt

Question 32

what happens to nutrients after being absorbed through the villi? (3)

Answer 32

(1) they're carried through a blood vessel (portal vein) (2) then to the liver (3) where theyre broken down to be used by the body

Question 33

carbs are broken down into?

Answer 33

glucose

Question 34

fats are broken down into?

Answer 34

fatty acids

Question 35

proteins are broken down into?

Answer 35

amino acids

Question 36

what nutrients dont need to be broken down? (3)

Answer 36

vitamins, minerals, water

Question 37

what happens to excess glucose?

Answer 37

it's stored as glycogen

Question 38

how is excess glucose stored if glycogen stores are full?

Answer 38

it is converted to fat and stored in adipose (fat) cells

Question 39

what happens to excess fatty acids and amino acids?

Answer 39

also stored as stored fat in adipose cells

Question 40

where is excess iron stored? (2)

Answer 40

liver, bone marrow

Question 41

recommended amount of carbohydrates in diet?

Answer 41

45% - 65% of daily calorie intake

Question 42

recommended amount of fats in diet?

Answer 42

20% - 35% of daily calorie intake

Question 43

recommended amount of proteins in diet?

Answer 43

10% - 35% of daily calorie intake

Question 44

how much energy is contained in carbs, fats, and proteins in kilojoules?

Answer 44

carbohydrates: 17 kJ/g fats: 37 kJ/g proteins: 17 kJ/g

Question 45

what happens with an adequate intake of calcium (2)

Answer 45

blood calcium remains normal calcium is deposited in bones, resulting in strong, dense bones

Question 46

what happens with a calcium deficient diet

Answer 46

bones give up calcium to the blood to maintain normal blood calcium, leading to weak, osteoporotic bones

Question 47

define malnutrition

Answer 47

any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients

Question 48

describe overnutrition and give an example

Answer 48

excess energy or nutrients ex: obesity

Question 49

describe undernutrition and give examples (2)

Answer 49

deficient energy or nutrients ex: protein-energy malnutrition (PEM): kwashiorkor, marasmus

Question 50

what influences our food choices? (11)

Answer 50

- personal preference - habit - ethnic heritage or tradition - social interactions - availability - convenience - economy - positive and negative associations - emotional comfort - values - body weight and image

Question 51

dietary guidelines, part 1 (6)

Answer 51

- Aim for a healthy weight - Be physically active daily - Follow the pyramid guide - Choose a variety of grains - Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables - Keep food safe

Question 52

dietary guidelines, part 2 (6)

Answer 52

- Limit saturated fat and cholesterol - Moderate total fat intake - Reduce sugar intake - Use less salt in food preparation - Drink alcohol in moderation (if at all) - Enjoy eating in moderation

Question 53

food groups in the USDA Food Guide Pyramid with recommended servings? (6)

Answer 53

- Fats, Oils & Sweets (use sparingly) - Milk, Yogurt & Cheese Group (2–3) - Vegetable Group (3–5) - Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs & Nuts Group (2–3) - Fruit Group (2–4) - Bread, Cereal, Rice & Pasta Group (6–11)