Digestive System

Question 1

What does GI stand for?

Answer 1

gastrointestinal

Question 2

What is the GI tract also known as?

Answer 2

alimentary canal

Question 3

What are the five steps of digestion? (Important)

Answer 3

1. Ingestion
2. Mechanical Digestion
3. Chemical/Enzymatic Digestion
4. Absorption
5. Excretion

Question 4

What types of teeth are there?

Answer 4

Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars

Question 5

What is the manipulation of foods via muscular fibers?

Answer 5

Muscular Hydrostat

Question 6

Saliva is secreted by how many pairs of salivary glands?

Answer 6

three

Question 7

Saliva contains ___________ ____________ to begin the break-down of starch.

Answer 7

salivary amylase

Question 8

The tongue secretes __________ __________ to break down fat.

Answer 8

lingual lipase

Question 9

After chewing and chemical digestion, food is now called a __________.

Answer 9

bolus

Question 10

Bolus moves through the esophagus via _______________.

Answer 10

peristalsis

Question 11

________________: rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle

Answer 11

Peristalsis

Question 12

More fibers permit ____________ range of movement! (stomach)

Answer 12

Greater

Question 13

The inner curvature of the stomach is called the ___________ __________________.

Answer 13

lesser curvature

Question 14

The outer curvature of the stomach is called the _______________ _________________.

Answer 14

greater curvature

Question 15

The stomach regulates its storage of food through two _______________ (muscular rings):

Answer 15

sphincters

Question 16

____________ _____________ ______________: prevents backflow of stomach acid into esophagus

Answer 16

Lower esophageal sphincter

Question 17

____________ _____________: dictates when food can be passed on to the small intestine

Answer 17

Pyloric sphincter

Question 18

Gastric juice comes from gastric glands of the stomach, composed of various cell types:

Answer 18

1. Parietal Cells
2. Chief Cells
3. Mucus Cells

Question 19

Once food has reached the small intestine it is called:

Answer 19

chyme

Question 20

_______________ glands secrete mucus to neutralize highly acidic chyme from the stomach

Answer 20

Duodenal

Question 21

What are the three segments of the small intestine?

Answer 21

1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum

Question 22

Most absorption occurs in which small intestine structure?

Answer 22

Jejunum

Question 23

Which small intestine structure contains many immune structures?

Answer 23

Ileum

Question 24

___________ are folds of the small intestine the increase surface area for more absorption; lots of ________ in the ______________.

Answer 24

Villi

jejunum

Question 25

__________________ are projections on the villi that also increase surface area.

Answer 25

Microvilli

Question 26

The small intestine also contains ___________ ____________ that aid in immunity against bacteria.

Answer 26

Peyer’s Patches

Question 27

_______________ are specialized lymphatic vessels that facilitate absorption of large lipids

Answer 27

Lacteals

Question 28

______________ _____________ is a small flap that separates the ileum from the cecum

Answer 28

Ileocecal valve

Question 29

What is the order of the large intestines?

Answer 29

1. Cecum 2. Ascending Colon 3. Transverse Colon 4. Descending Colon 5. Sigmoid Colon 6. Rectum 7. Anus

Question 30

What is found in the ascending colon?

Answer 30

Right Colic Flexure Hepatic Flexure

Question 31

What is found in the descending colon?

Answer 31

Left Colic Flexure Splenic Flexure

Question 32

What kind of cells does the pancreas consist of?

Answer 32

acinar cells

Question 33

The enzymes from the pancreas are dumped into the duodenum at the ___________ __________ ___________.

Answer 33

major duodenal papilla

Question 34

Bile is released from the gall bladder upon secretion of _______.

Answer 34

CCK