Lab 2: Heart

Question 1

The heart acts as a _____________

Answer 1

double pump

Question 2

The ____________ of the heart is also known as the systemic circuit

Answer 2

left side

Question 3

The left side of the heart is also known as the ________________

Answer 3

systemic circuit

Question 4

The systemic circuit pumps blood to the __________________

Answer 4

whole body

Question 5

The right side of the heart is known as the ________________

Answer 5

pulmonary circuit

Question 6

The __________ of the heart is known as the pulmonary circuit

Answer 6

right side

Question 7

The heart is divided into _________ and _________.

Answer 7

two atria

two ventricles

Question 8

_______ are two small chambers.

Answer 8

Atria

Question 9

Atria are covered by __________

Answer 9

auricles

Question 10

_________ are two larger chambers.

Answer 10

Ventricles

Question 11

The ______ ventricle is larger than the _______ ventricle. Why?

Answer 11

Left, Right,

because the Left Ventricle pumps blood throughout the whole body.

Question 12

The Ventricles are separated by an _________________________

Answer 12

interventricular sulcus

Question 13

Atria are delineated from the ventricles by a __________________

Answer 13

coronary sulcus

Question 14

The heart is shaped like an upside-down pyramid with two ___________________.

Answer 14

anatomical landmarks

Question 15

_______ is superior to _______.

Answer 15

Base

Apex

Question 16

_________ is the region where blood vessels branch off the heart.

Answer 16

Base

Question 17

There are valves separating chambers known as ________________________ to promote one-way movement of blood/prevent backflow

Answer 17

atrioventricular valves (AV)

Question 18

_____________ separates the R atrium from R ventricle. (aka?)

Answer 18

Right AV valve

Tricuspid Valve

Question 19

_____________ separates the L atrium from the L ventricle. (aka?)

Answer 19

Left AV valve

Bicuspid Valve or Mitral Valve

Question 20

There are also valves that separate the ventricles from blood vessels called ___________________.

Answer 20

semilunar valves

Question 21

______________ prevents backflow of blood from the aorta back into the L ventricle.

Answer 21

Aortic SLV

Question 22

________________ prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk back into the R ventricle

Answer 22

Pulmonary SLV

Question 23

The heart is a___________ organ, made up of cardiac muscle tissue known as the_______________.

Answer 23

muscular

myocardium

Question 24

Thickening of myocardium between ventricles is known as the _________________________.

Answer 24

interventricular septum

Question 25

The myocardium of the ventricles extend into projections known as the __________________.

Answer 25

trabeculae carnae

Question 26

Trabeculae carnae extend into ___________________.

Answer 26

papillary muscles

Question 27

Papillary muscles connect to ______________________, which are the “_______________” that anchor the heart valves to the myocardium 

Answer 27

chordae tendinae heart strings

Question 28

_______________________ is the volume in ventricle at the end of diastole (after relaxing, refilling)

Answer 28

End diastolic volume (EDV) typically 120 mL

Question 29

_____________________ is the volume in ventricle at the end of systole (after pumping)

Answer 29

End systolic volume (ESV) typically 50 mL

Question 30

______________________ is defines as EDV – ESV; essentially how much blood is pumped from the ventricles with one contraction

Answer 30

Stroke volume (SV) typically 120mL - 50mL = 70mL

Question 31

An _______ is a way to track the electrical events of the heart

Answer 31

EKG

Question 32

Results in chamber contraction: ___________

Answer 32

systole

Question 33

Results in chamber relaxation: ___________

Answer 33

diastole

Question 34

The __________ is associated with depolarization of the atria, which causes the atria to _________.

Answer 34

P Wave contract

Question 35

The __________________ is associated with depolarization of the ventricles, which causes the ventricles to ___________.

Answer 35

QRS Complex contract

Question 36

The ____________ is associated with the repolarization of the ventricles, which causes the ventricles to _________.

Answer 36

T-Wave relax

Question 37

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via _________________________________________.

Answer 37

inferior, superior vena cavas, coronary sinus IVC, SVC, CS

Question 38

Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the ______________________.

Answer 38

pulmonary veins

Question 39

Oxygenated blood enters the ________________.

Answer 39

left Atrium

Question 40

Coronary Circuit: Which arteries are involved? (4)

Answer 40

Left Coronary Artery Right Coronary Artery Circumflex Artery Interventricular Arteries

Question 41

Coronary Circuit: What veins are involved? (4)

Answer 41

Small cardiac vein Middle cardia vein Great cardiac vein Coronary Sinus

Question 42

Blood leaves the aortic semilunar valve and enters __________________. (right pathway of heart)

Answer 42

right coronary artery

Question 43

The right coronary courses around the atrium to the posterior side of the heart  becomes the __________________________.

Answer 43

posterior interventricular artery 

Question 44

Blood leaves the aortic semilunar valve and enters the ______________. (left pathway of heart)

Answer 44

left coronary artery

Question 45

The left coronary artery splits:  courses to the posterior aspect of the heart as the ______________________.  travels down the anterior side of the heart as the _______________________.

Answer 45

circumflex artery  anterior interventricular artery (LAD) 

Question 46

All veins of the coronary circuit drain into the __________________, which empties into the ________________.

Answer 46

coronary sinus right atrium

Question 47

Before the heart can contract, there must be _____________ stimulation; ____________ events precede _____________ events 

Answer 47

electrical electrical, mechanical

Question 48

The _________________ is a region of electrical tissue within the right atrium. It is aptly named the ______________ of the heart because it stimulates contraction of the heart 

Answer 48

sinoatrial node (SA node) pacemaker

Question 49

The electrical signal travels from the SA node to the ____________________ at the junction of atria and ventricles

Answer 49

atrioventricular node (AV node)

Question 50

The AV node then passes the electrical signal to the ______________________, then to the right and left bundle branches, which travel down the _______________________.

Answer 50

AV bundle (bundle of His) interventricular septum

Question 51

Finally, the electrical signal is passed to the _______________, which travel up the ventricle walls 

Answer 51

Purkinje fibers

Question 52

____________________ on cardiac muscle tissue represent channels of electrical communication, which let the heart contract in coordinate its contractions

Answer 52

Intercalated discs

Question 53

Heart sounds are produced by _____________________.

Answer 53

closure of heart valves