Lab 5: Endocrine System

Question 1

An endocrine organ is one who secretes its product directly into the ___________ ____________.

Answer 1

blood stream

Question 2

There are also exocrine organs, but these secrete their products into __________ that lead elsewhere.

Answer 2

ducts

Question 3

Endocrine organs secrete chemical messengers called _________________.

Answer 3

hormones

Question 4

What are the structures of the endocrine system?

Answer 4

Brain
Pancreas
Kidneys
Adrenal Glands
Gonads
Pineal Gland
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid & Parathyroid
Thymus

Question 5

The __________________ is a portion of the brain known as the “master regulator”

Answer 5

hypothalamus

Question 6

The hypothalamus influences another brain portion, the ______________ ______________, also known as the “master gland”

Answer 6

pituitary gland

Question 7

The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland are physically connected to one another via the ____________________.

Answer 7

infundibulum

Question 8

The hypothalamus stores hormones known as ________________ hormones or ________________ hormones

Answer 8

releasing

inhibiting

Question 9

The hypothalamus is therefore the regulator of the ________________ ______________ by producing and secreting multiple hormones

Answer 9

pituitary gland

Question 10

What are the releasing hormones of the hypothalamus?

Answer 10

CRH: corticotropin releasing hormone
TRH: thyrotropin releasing hormone
GHRH: growth hormone releasing hormone
GnRH: gonadotropin releasinghormone
PRF: prolactin releasing factor
MRF: melanocyte releasing factor

Question 11

What is the inhibiting hormone of the hypothalamus?

Answer 11

PIH: Prolactin inhibiting hormone

Question 12

What is the order of hormones for each hormone?

Answer 12

hypothalamus hormone- the anterior pituitary gland-anterior pituitary hormone-target tissue-effect

Question 13

CRH acts on the ________________ ______________ ______________ to produce______, which acts on the __________ ___________ to produce _____________ (stress response).

Answer 13

anterior pituitary gland

ACTH

adrenal cortex

cortisol

Question 14

GnRH acts on the _____________ ____________ _____________ to produce _____, which acts on theovaries to stimulate _______________ and on the testes to produce _______________.

Answer 14

anterior pituitary gland

LH

ovulation

testosterone

Question 15

GnRH acts on the anterior pituitary gland to produce ______, which acts on the ovaries to mature the ______ and on the testes to mature the _________.

Answer 15

FSH

egg

sperm

Question 16

TRH acts on the anterior pituitary gland to produce _______, which acts on the _____________ glandto produce ______________ hormone.

Answer 16

TSH

thyroid

thyroid

Question 17

PRFacts on the anterior pituitary gland to produce _______, which acts on the breast to produce __________.

Answer 17

PRL

milk

Question 18

The rainbow flowchart WILL be on the Quiz!

Answer 18

Study It! It will just be missing things and you have to know what to replace it with.

Question 19

PIH acts on the _____________ ____________ ___________ to prevent production of ________.

Answer 19

anterior pituitary gland

PRL

Question 20

GHRH acts on the anterior pituitary gland to produce _____, which acts on muscles and bones to produce __________.

Answer 20

GH

growth

Question 21

MRF acts on the anterior pituitary gland to produce ________, which acts on melanocytes to produce ___________.

Answer 21

MSH

melanin

Question 22

Know the difference in structure between the anterior and posterior pituitary gland. It is always a test question.

Answer 22

Anterior: made up epithelial tissue that PRODUCES and RELEASES hormones
Posterior: made of up neural tissue that only RELEASES hormones

Anterior: made up epithelial tissue that PRODUCES and RELEASES hormones
Posterior: made of up neural tissue that only RELEASES hormones

Question 23

The posterior pituitary releases hormones that are first made in the ____________________.

Answer 23

hypothalamus

Question 24

What are the two hormones released by the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 24

Oxytocin

ADH

Question 25

The anterior pituitary gland produces seven main hormones from different cell types: What are they?

Answer 25

ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone  LH: Luteinizing hormone  FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone  TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone  PRL: prolactin  GH: growth hormone   MSH: melanocyte stimulating hormone 

Question 26

What is the target tissue for ACTH?

Answer 26

Adrenal Glands

Question 27

What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex, from superficial to deep?

Answer 27

Zona glomerulosa Zona fasciculata Zona reticularis  

Question 28

Zona glomerulosa produces ______________ ________________.

Answer 28

mineral corticoids

Question 29

What is the way that the hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary gland via the blood?

Answer 29

Hypophyseal portal system

Question 30

What is the way that the hypothalamus communicates with the posterior pituitary gland via the neurons?

Answer 30

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract

Question 31

Zona fasciculata produces ___________________.

Answer 31

glucocorticoids

Question 32

Zona reticularis produces ______ __________________.

Answer 32

sex hormones (androgens/gonocorticoids)

Question 33

What is an example of a mineral corticoid?

Answer 33

Aldosterone

Question 34

What is an example of a glucocorticoid?

Answer 34

Cortisol

Question 35

What is an example of an androgen?

Answer 35

DHEA

Question 36

What is defined by excessive ACTH secretion, leading to elevated cortisol levels?

Answer 36

Cushing's Disease

Question 37

What is described by insufficient ACTH secretion, leading to depressed cortisol levels 

Answer 37

Addison's disease

Question 38

Thyroid hormone is produced by _____________ ___________ within the thyroid gland

Answer 38

follicular cells

Question 39

Production of thyroid hormone requires ___________.

Answer 39

iodine

Question 40

Inadequate _______ means inadequate production of thyroid hormone. This leads to a condition known as?

Answer 40

iodine Goiter

Question 41

In females, LH stimulates ______________.

Answer 41

ovulation

Question 42

_________________: due to HYPER-secretion of GH (too much)

Answer 42

Gigantism

Question 43

Milk production begins in the ____________ ___________, enters the ____________ ___________, ___________ __________.

Answer 43

mammary lobule lactiferous ducts lactiferous sinuses

Question 44

Nipple is surrounded by the ___________.

Answer 44

areola

Question 45

What is caused by low secretion of ADH, and is associated with another disease?

Answer 45

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 46

What stimulates uterine contractions during labor?

Answer 46

Oxytocin

Question 47

What causes milk RELEASE during breastfeeding?

Answer 47

Oxytocin

Question 48

What is known as the "cuddle hormone?"

Answer 48

Oxytocin

Question 49

The adrenal medulla secretes two related hormones, what are they?

Answer 49

norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 50

Stimulation of the adrenal medulla comes from... ?

Answer 50

sympathetic nerve stimulation

Question 51

The endocrine portions of the pancreas are known as..... ?

Answer 51

Islets of Langerhans 

Question 52

Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete.... ?

Answer 52

glucagon

Question 53

Beta cells of the pancreas secrete.... ?

Answer 53

insulin

Question 54

Parafollicular cells release _______________ when blood calcium is too high

Answer 54

Calcitonin (CT)

Question 55

Parafollicular cells release ______________ ______________ when blood calcium is too low.

Answer 55

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Question 56

What is produced when the atria of the heart are overstretched? (Where is it produced)

Answer 56

ANP the auricles

Question 57

How do kidneys respond to the atria (and right ventricle) being overstretched?

Answer 57

Increasing urine production

Question 58

What does the pineal gland produce? (What is it sensitive to?)

Answer 58

melatonin light (Circadian)