DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 1

What types of digestion take place in the mouth

Answer 1

mechanical digestion -mastication
chemical digestion -hydrolysis of starch by salivary amylase
+hydrolysis of small amounts of fat lingual lipase and absorbson of vitamin c

Question 2

explain hydrolysis

Answer 2

the chemical breakdown of one or more chemical bonds

Question 3

which organ is the digestive system comprised of

Answer 3

1., 2. and 3. Mouth, pharynx and glands: chewing
and saliva with enzymes to break down food
4. Oesophagus: moves food down
5. Stomach: mixing of food, stomach acid and
enzymes to break down food
6. Pancreas: makes enzymes to breakdown food
7. Liver: makes bile that helps digest fats and some
vitamins
8. Gallbladder: stores bile between meals
9. Small intestine: makes enzymes and they mix with
bile and pancreatic enzymes to complete the
breakdown. Absorption of the nutrients and water.
10. Large intestine: more absorption and bacteria
11. Rectum and anus: removal of the stool

Question 4

what does lingual lipase break down and where is it present

Answer 4

breaks down fats and is present on the mouth

Question 5

1. What is the main role of the digestive system?
   A) To produce red blood cells
   B) To break down food and absorb nutrients
   C) To regulate body temperature
   D) To excrete urea

Answer 5

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The digestive system is responsible for digesting food and absorbing water, nutrients, and electrolytes.

Question 6

Where does chemical digestion of carbohydrates begin?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Mouth
D) Large intestine

Answer 6

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Salivary amylase in the mouth begins the breakdown of starch.

Question 7

Which enzyme digests proteins in the stomach?
A) Lipase
B) Amylase
C) Pepsin
D) Trypsin

Answer 7

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Pepsin is activated by HCl in the stomach and starts protein digestion

Question 8

What is the function of bile in digestion?
A) To digest proteins
B) To activate pepsin
C) To emulsify fats
D) To neutralize stomach acid

Answer 8

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Bile emulsifies fats, increasing the surface area for lipase activity.

Question 9

Where are brush border enzymes located?
A) Liver
B) Large intestine
C) Stomach
D) Small intestine

Answer 9

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: These enzymes are on the microvilli of the small intestine and complete digestion.

Question 10

Which of the following is absorbed via lymphatic vessels?
A) Glucose
B) Amino acids
C) Fatty acids and monoglycerides
D) Vitamins B and C

Answer 10

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Lipids are packaged into chylomicrons and enter the lacteals (lymph vessels).

Question 11

What hormone stimulates acid secretion in the stomach?
A) Secretin
B) Gastrin
C) CCK
D) Insulin

Answer 11

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Gastrin stimulates HCl production by parietal cells in the stomach.

Question 12

What is the role of secretin?
A) Stimulates bile production
B) Stimulates release of digestive enzymes
C) Inhibits gastric emptying
D) Stimulates bicarbonate release from the pancreas

Answer 12

Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Secretin is released in response to acidic chyme and stimulates bicarbonate to neutralize it.

Question 13

In which organ is the majority of nutrient absorption carried out?
A) Stomach
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Liver

Answer 13

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The small intestine (especially jejunum and ileum) is the primary site of nutrient absorption.

Question 14

Which of the following is a foregut fermenter?
A) Horse
B) Pig
C) Cow
D) Human

Answer 14

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Cows are ruminants that ferment plant matter in their foregut (rumen).

Question 15

what is B12 and why is it important

Answer 15

a vitamin needed for bodily functions but is not produced by the body

Question 16

what are bile salts

Answer 16

a primary component of bile which is vital for digestion

Question 17

what are maltase, lactase and sucrase and there individual purpose in digestion

Answer 17

they are all enzymes that aid digestion
maltase -catalyzes the hydrolysis of maltose into two glucose molecules
lactase- breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose
sucrase - catalyze the hydrolysis of sucrose to its component monosaccharides, fructose and glucose.

Question 18

which nerve carries signals between the heart and the digestive system

Answer 18

vangas nerve

Question 19

name some of the features of the stomach wall

Answer 19

gastric pits which drop into gastric glands
blood mussel layer
oblique mussel layer
circular mussel layer
longitudinal mussel layer
connective tissue layer

Question 20

describe a gastric pit

Answer 20

a dip like structure which holds gland and cells which secrete hormones and mucus needed for digestion