Digestive system

Question 1

What is a healthy diet?

Answer 1

It is a diet which provides your body with all the nutrients and vitamins it needs in the correct amount.

Question 2

Name five reasons why water is so important for the body

Answer 2

1) our bodies are 70% water
2) chemical reactions in the body need water to take place
3) it dissolves nutrients , wastes and gases
4) transport nutrients and waste
5) helps digest food

Question 3

What are the five main food groups

Answer 3

Greens, dairy, protein, fruits and veg, oil/fat

Question 4

What are sources of carbohydrates

Answer 4

Bread rice pasta and starchy vegetables

Question 5

What are sources of protein?

Answer 5

Any animal-based foods(meat eggs dairy and fish)

Question 6

Sources of fats oils

Answer 6

Any oils, spreads, nuts, seeds, other, oily fish

Question 7

Sources of vitamin A

Answer 7

Leafy green vegetables, tomatoes, red peppers, milk, eggs, beef liver

Question 8

Sources of vitamin C

Answer 8

Citrus fruit, peppers, strawberries, broccoli, potatoes, blackcurrant

Question 9

Sources of vitamin E

Answer 9

Plant based oils, nuts, seeds, bell peppers, pumpkin, spinach

Question 10

Sources of calcium

Answer 10

Dairy foods, fortified flour, kale, okra(not spinach - we can’t break down the calcium)

Question 11

Sources of iron

Answer 11

Liver, red meat, beans, nuts, dried fruit, soybean flour

Question 12

Sources of fibre

Answer 12

Whole wheat bread, fruits, vegetables, dried fruit

Question 13

What is the function of the digestive system(2)

Answer 13

1) breaks down food into dissolved nutrients -dissolved into bloodstream
2) dissolved nutrients are transported via the blood

Question 14

What are the four processes that take place in the digestive system

Answer 14

1) ingestion
2) digestion
3) absorption
4) egestion

Question 15

What is Ingestion?

Answer 15

The intake of food

Question 16

What is digestion

Answer 16

To convert insoluble food into soluble nutrients

Question 17

What is absorption

Answer 17

Soluble nutrients are taken into the bloodstream

Question 18

What is egestion

Answer 18

And digest food material is passed out of the body

Question 19

What is mechanical digestion

Answer 19

Large food particles are mechanically broken down

Question 20

Where does mechanical digestion take place

Answer 20

It occurs in your mouth oesophagus and stomach

Question 21

What is chemical digestion

Answer 21

Small particles are chemically altered into nutrients

Question 22

Where does chemical digestion take place

Answer 22

It occurs in your mouth stomach and small intestine

Question 23

What is the purpose of the mouth (4)

Answer 23

1) is used for ingestion
2) it’s the mastication of food
3) library glance produce amylase to break down starch
4) tongue helped mix food and saliva to form bolts

Question 24

What is the purpose of the oesophagus(3)

Answer 24

1) the walls are built up of muscle layers
2) muscle lay contract and relax to push food through(peristalsis)
3) pushes bones to stomach

Question 27

What is the stomach

Answer 27

1) thick muscular walls contract and turn the content into a liquid called chyme

Question 28

How does the stomach chemically digest food

Answer 28

It digests proteins

Question 29

How does a stomach mechanically digest food

Answer 29

Turning food – break food into smaller parts for enzymes to act on

Question 30

What is the large intestine(4)

Answer 30

1)Water reabsorption from waste back into blood 2) waste becomes compact forms stools/faeces 3) mucus glands mucus to make stools smooth 4) rectum stores waste until egested

Question 31

what are the walls of the intestine lined with

Answer 31

Millions of Villi

Question 32

What does a small intestine do?

Answer 32

1) intestinal glands secrete intestinal juice with enzymes 2) the enzymes break food down into substances that can be absorbed 3) absorption through villi into blood 4) bile breaks fat into a small droplets(emulsifies fat)

Question 33

What is the liver(5)

Answer 33

1) largest gland in the body 2) works with pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels 3) breaks down the form bile 4) bio assist in digestion process and is stored in gallbladder 5) makes urea from excess protein

Question 34

What is the rectum

Answer 34

Stools/faeces are temporarily stored

Question 37

What is the anus

Answer 37

It’s the opening end force to pass through

Question 38

Chemical digestion in the mouth

Answer 38

1) physical crashing of food by teeth then tongue pushes food under the teeth onto the palace

Question 39

Mechanical digestion in the oesophagus and stomach

Answer 39

Peristaltic movement in alimentary canal that pushes food forward and helps break food down Churning movement of walls of stomach breakdown food into small pieces

Question 40

Chemical digestion in mouth

Answer 40

Saliva contains amylase that breaks down starch

Question 41

Chemical digestion in the stomach

Answer 41

HCl contains enzymes which chemically alter food to be absorbed

Question 42

Chemical digestion in the small intestine

Answer 42

Enzymes are secreted by intestinal glands which breakdown complex food

Question 43

Small intestine absorption

Answer 43

1) after the food particles are broken down they are ready to be absorbed 2) in a wall of the small intestine is covered with Velie which contains blood vessels to absorb new tunes

Question 44

obesity

Answer 44

Too much body fat – eating too much/wrong diet

Question 45

Tooth decay

Answer 45

Too much sugar or poor hygiene causes teeth to break away

Question 46

diabetes

Answer 46

When the body is not able to control a month of sugar in blood it can be inherited or caused by the lifestyle

Question 47

Diarrhoea

Answer 47

More than five watery stools per day, can be caused by artificial sweetness/other addictive or too much fibre

Question 48

Constipation

Answer 48

Stools become hard and difficult to pass, not eating enough fibre – can lead to haemorrhoid and colon cancer

Question 49

Ulcers

Answer 49

Sores on skin/mucus membrane of the oesophagus stomach or small intestine

Question 50

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 50

Fear of gaining weight Starving and excessive exercise

Question 51

Bulimia

Answer 51

Binging and purging on food then vomiting it up later or using laxatives

Question 52

Liver cirrohosis

Answer 52

Lever tissue is replaced by abnormal noodles or connective tissue causing the liver to not function properly

Question 53

What causes liver cirrhosis

Answer 53

Excessive drinking

Question 54

Stomach ulcers

Answer 54

Stomach acid damages the lining of the digestive tract caused by overgrowth of bacteria all the use of anti-inflammatories

Question 55

What is a common symptom of stomach ulcers

Answer 55

Upper abdominal pain

Question 56

What is treatment for stomach ulcers

Answer 56

Medication to decrease stomach acid production and antibiotics sometimes the surgery is necessary