Human body systems Flashcards
(26 cards)
function of musculoskeletal system. (4)
1) protects vital organs
2) provide support
3) enables movement
4) keep body upright
what are muscles
They attached to skeletons to bring about movement
tendons vs ligaments
Tendons: connect muscle to bone
Ligament: connects bone to bone
what is antagonistic muscles?(3)
1) work in pairs
2) when One contracts the other relaxes (vice versa)
3) muscles can only pull on bone
what are Rickets?(3)
1) caused by a lack of vitamin D
2) leads to softening of bones (pals)
3) can be reversed if treated quickly
what is arthritis? (3)
1) caused by inflammation of joints
2) inflammation is caused by the breakdown of cartilage
3) causes swelling and deformities of joints
what is osteoporosis? (5)
1) not enough calcium
2) calcium taken from bones
3) bones become brittle
4) increased risk of bone fracture
5) gets worse over time
what is metabolism?
Refers to all the chemical reactions that take place in the body
what happens during these reactions(metabolism)?
Waste products are formed that must be removed
what are the 4 processes of the excretory system
Filtration, absorption, diffusion and excretion
what is filtration?(4)
1) kidneys have special filters to separate waste out of our blood
2) when filtration has taken place, waste products and water has been removed
3) the filtrate will enter tubes into kidneys
4) the blood that leave the kidneys is clean
what is absorption?
Useful substances in the filtrate are absorbed back into the blood
what is diffusion?
Waste products in the blood diffuse from the blood into small tubes of the kidneys
what is excretion?(5)
1) urine is formed after other steps
2) urine moves from kidneys to ureter
3) ureter moves urine to bladder
4) urine is temporarily stored
5) urethra removed urine from body
what is kidney failure?(2)
1) kidneys cannot remove waist and urine
2) patients need dialysis treatment
What is a bladder infection?(2)
1) causes by bacteria in urinary tract
2) can lead to kidney infection if not treated
what are kidney stones?
There are solid deposits of minerals and salt in kidneys
how are kidney stones formed
When urine is too concentrated
what are treatments for excretory system
Dialysis: a procedure to remove waste products and access fluid from blood when kidneys stopped working properly
what is the function of the nervous system?(2)
1) receive stimuli to help the body to respond to them
2) a stimulus is a change in environment that causes a reaction in the living organism
What are the main components of the nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs
What are sense organs
Eyes, ears, nose, skin, tongue
what are receptors in the nervous system?
cells that detect stimuli in the enviroment
stimuli are changed into nerve impulses
What are nerve cells/neurons
They transmit impulses between spinal cord and brain.
