Digestive System

Question 0

Each enzyme has an active site which have conditions specific that help them to work at their __________

Answer 0

Optimum

Question 1

An example of an __________ is amylase (found in the mouth)

Answer 1

Enzyme

Question 2

What are enzymes and what do they do

Answer 2

They are catalysts which speed up reactions

Question 3

If particles move faster then they are more likely to collide and therefore ________

Answer 3

React

Question 4

What is a substrate

Answer 4

A molecule that is changes in a reaction

Question 5

If you increase the temperature too much then the enzymes will become ____________ and therefore will not work

Answer 5

Denatured

Question 6

Outside their optimum pH an enzyme can become _____________

Answer 6

Denatured

Question 7

What is bile

Answer 7

A green liquid made up of bile salts

Question 8

What is the lock and key theory

Answer 8

That the substrate can fit into the active site exactly like a key fitting into a lock because the enzymes are very specific

Question 9

The rate of an enzyme controlled reaction is affected by factors such as: (3)

Answer 9

Temperature
pH
Enzyme concentration
Substrate concentration

Question 10

Bile ___________ lipids/fats

Answer 10

Bile emulsifies fats

Question 11

What does emulsify mean

Answer 11

Break things down from big to small

Question 12

The pH of the small intestine is about ___

Answer 12

9 (8-9) alkaline

Question 13

How is the structure of a villus adapted for the absorption of the products of digestion

Answer 13

1: Large surface area
2: Capillaries help it take useful substances to other parts of the body
3: Blood moves continually in the capillaries
4: This maintains concentration gradient
5: For diffusion
6: Lacteal absorbs fatty acids + glycerol
7: Villi is one cell thick

Question 14

Bile is made by the _________
Stored in the _______ _________
Travel down the _______ ______

Answer 14

Made by the Liver
Stored in the Gall Bladder
Travel down the Bile Duct

Question 15

Functions of hydrochloric acid:

Answer 15

Kills bacteria

The right pH for the protease enzyme to work

Question 16

Pancreatic enzymes are made by the ___________

Answer 16

The pancreas

Question 17

Salivary amylase in the mouth turns starch into __________

Answer 17

Starch —–> Maltose (smaller sugars)

Question 18

Pepsin in the stomach turns protein into ________ _______

Answer 18

Protein —–> Amino acids

Question 19

Maltase in the small intestine turns maltose into ___________

Answer 19

Maltose —–> Glucose

Question 20

Lipase, a lipid enzyme, turns lipids into _________ ________ + _____________

Answer 20

Lipids —–> fatty acids + glycerol

Question 21

Trypsin in the small intestine turns proteins into ________ _______

Answer 21

Protiens —–> Amino acids

Question 22

Most food is absorbed in the _______ ___________

Answer 22

Small intestine

Question 24

The ___________ is very acidic due to Hydrochloric acid

Answer 24

Stomach

Question 25

Function of the oesophagus:

Answer 25

Muscular tube which connects the mouth and stomach

Question 25

Food passes along the oesophagus to the stomach by ______________

Answer 25

Peristalsis

Question 26

Functions of the stomach:

Answer 26

Muscles breaks down food Produces protease enzymes Produces Hydrochloric acid

Question 27

The stomach churns and mixes food to produce a thick liquid called _________

Answer 27

Chyme

Question 28

When the sphincter muscle opens, food passes from the stomach into the ________ ____________

Answer 28

Stomach -----> Small intestine

Question 29

As the stomach is strongly acid, it has an optimum _____ of about 2

Answer 29

pH

Question 30

Partly digested food is held back in the stomach by a ring of muscle at the stomach outlet, called a ___________ muscle

Answer 30

Sphincter

Question 31

Bile and pancreatic juice are ____________ therefore they neutralise the acidic contents that have arrived from the stomach

Answer 31

Alkaline

Question 32

Function of the pancreas:

Answer 32

Produces enzymes (protease, amylase, lipase) and releases them into the small intestine

Question 33

Enzymes break down food until they are small enough to be absorbed in the last part of the small intestine, the __________

Answer 33

The ileum

Question 34

__________ move food along the gut

Answer 34

Muscles

Question 35

When the longitudinal muscles contract and the circular muscles relax, the gut is made ___________

Answer 35

Longer

Question 36

The intestine contains 2 layers, the __________ muscle layer and the __________________

Answer 36

Circular | Longitudinal

Question 37

What is peristalsis

Answer 37

Muscle contractions which push food without the need of gravity

Question 38

Chemical breakdown is finished in the ______________

Answer 38

Duodenum (top of the small intestine)

Question 39

When the circular layer contracts and the longitudinal muscles relax, the gut is made __________

Answer 39

Smaller

Question 40

The process of taking food into the body is called _____________

Answer 40

Ingestion

Question 41

What is digestion

Answer 41

The breakdown of food in the body by enzymes

Question 42

Products of digestion are ___________ into the bloodstream

Answer 42

Absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 43

Digestion by enzymes is known as ____________ digestion

Answer 43

Chemical digestion

Question 44

The job of bile is to emulsify fats as well as to ________________ the stomach acids

Answer 44

Neutralise the stomach acids

Question 45

Carbohydrase breaks down sugars into __________

Answer 45

Glucose

Question 46

Trypsin breaks down proteins into _____________

Answer 46

Proteins -----> peptides

Question 47

Pepsin breaks down peptides into __________ _________

Answer 47

Peptides -----> amino acids

Question 48

The individual cells lining the villi have structures called _______________ which further increase surface area

Answer 48

Microvilli

Question 49

The villi absorb ____________ and ____________ __________ through the blood capillaries

Answer 49

Glucose | Amino acids

Question 50

_________ _______ and _____________ are absorbed into the lacteal which lives in the middle of the villi

Answer 50

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 51

Before waste is removed from the body, it is stored in the ___________

Answer 51

Rectum

Question 52

Function of the large intestine:

Answer 52

Excess water is absorbed

Question 53

Amylase turns starch into maltose. | In this equation what is the enzyme, what is the substrate and what is the product(s)

Answer 53

``` Enzyme = amylase Substrate = starch Product(s) = maltose ```

Question 54

Function of the anus

Answer 54

Where faeces leave the body

Question 55

What is the removal of undigested food/waste

Answer 55

Egestion

Question 56

Name the 2 types of digestion

Answer 56

Mechanical digestion | Chemical digestion

Question 57

Proteases turn proteins into ________ _______

Answer 57

Amino acids

Question 58

5 main stages of digestion

Answer 58

``` Ingestion Digestion Absorption Assimilation Egestion ```

Question 59

2 types of chemical digestion

Answer 59

Enzymes | Bile

Question 61

2 types of mechanical digestion

Answer 61

Teeth | Stomach muscles

Question 62

Functions of bile:

Answer 62

Neutralises for enzyme conditions | Emulsifies fats

Question 63

Function of the gall bladder:

Answer 63

Stores bile

Question 64

Function of the liver:

Answer 64

Produces bile

Question 65

How is the mouth adapted for digestion

Answer 65

Salivary glands produce amylase | Teeth break down food

Question 66

Name the first 5 stages of digestion in order:

Answer 66

``` Ingestion Digestion Absorption (Molecules moving into blood) Assimilation (Molecules moving into cells) Egestion ```