Digestive System Flashcards by Megan Moore

Also called the mouth

Oral cavity

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Formed by the palatine bones and the maxillae

Hard palate

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Lies posterior to the hard palate

Soft palate

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Upper and lower lips

Superior and inferior labia

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Connects labia to the gum

Labial frenulum

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Space between cheeks and teeth

Vestibule

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Moves food and contains taste buds

Tongue

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Projections on the tongue that contain taste buds

Papillae

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Probide friction to move objects with tongue

Filiform papillae

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Small and contain only about 5 taste buds

Fungiform papillae

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Larger and contains up to 100 taste buds

Circumvallate papillae

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Connects the tongue to the bottom of the oral cavity

Lingual frenulum

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Produces mucin and salivary amylase

salivary glands

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Large glands near mandibular ramus that is frequently attacked by the mumps virus.

Parotid glands

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Also called Stenson’s ducts.

Parotid ducts

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Located on the floor of the oral cavity near the mandible

Submandibular glands

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Also called Wharton’s ducts

Submandibular ducts

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Located on flood of oral cavity

Sublingual glands

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Also called Rivinus ducts

Sublingual ducts

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First teeth, and there are normally 20. Baby teeth.

Deciduous teeth

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How many permanent teeth do you have?

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Exposed portion of tooth above the gum line

Crown

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Base of tooth that fits in a socket in the mandible or maxilla

Root

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Between the crown and the root

Neck

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Mineral component, which is similar to bone in chemical composition, but lacks cells

Dentin

Interior chamber in the crown that contains cells, nerves, and blood vessels

Pulp cavity

Extensions of the pulp cavity into the root

Root canal

Opening through which blood vessels and nerves enter the root canal

Apical foramen

Protective layer that covers the dentin of the crown

Enamel

Protective layer that covers the dentin of the root

Cementum

Gums which surround the teeth

Gingivae

Ligament that attaches dentin of root to bone

Periodontal ligament

Blade like teeth that have 1 root.

Incisors

Sharp teeth with pointed tips that have 1 root.

Cuspids (Canines)

Teeth with flat crowns that are used to crush and grind food and have 1-2 roots

Bicuspids (premolars)

Teeth with large flat crowns and have 3 or more roots, including the wisdom teeth.

Molars

Mucous membrane that lines the digestive tract

Mucosa

Layer of the dense irregular connective tissue that has blood bessels and nerves

Submucosa

Two layers of smooth muscle

Muscularis externa

Part of the visceral peritoneum

Serosa

Is not covered by serosa

Esophagus

Structure of the wall of the digestive track

- Mucosa - Submucosa - Muscularis externa - Serosa

Secrete HCI and intrinsic factor

Parietal cells

Secrete pepsinogen

Chief cells

Secrete gastrin and other hormones

G cells

Secrete mucus

Mucous cells (Goblet cells)

Produce digestive enzymes

Pancreatic acini

Delivers secretions to duodenum

Pancreatic duct

Also called duct of Wirsung

Pancreatic duct

Also called duct of Santorini

Accessory Pancreatic duct

Lobes of the liver

- Right - Left - Caudate - Quadrate

Marks the division of the right and left loves of the liver

Falciform ligament

Collect bile from liver.

Right and left hepatic ducts

Combination of right and left hepatic ducts

Common hepatic duct

Connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct

Cystic duct (Ducts of gallbladder)

Formed by union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct

Common bile duct

Shortest section of the small intestine closest to the stomach

Duodenum

Middle section of the small intestine

Jejunum

Longest section of the small intestine that is closest to the large intestine.

Ileum

Permanent folds that increase surface area in the small intestine

Plicae circulares (Circular folds)

Finger like projections in the small intestine

Villi

Lymphatic capillaries that absorb and transport fatty acids

Lacteals

Secrete digestive enzymes

Intestinal glands

Protect the small intestine from bacteria in the large intestine

Aggregated lymphoid nodules

Also called Peyers Patches

Aggregated lymphoid nodules

Valve between the small intestine and the large intestine.

Ileocecal valve

First and smallest part of the large intestines

Cecum

Worm shaped sac

Vermiform appendix

Smooth muscle that produces haustra

Taeniae coli

Folds in walls of the large intestine that allow for expansion

Haustra

Sections o the colon

- Ascending - Transverse - Descending - Sigmoid

Colic flexures

- Right colic flexure - Left colic flexure - Sigmoid flexure

Last 6 inches of the large intestines that stores feces

Rectum

Anal sphincters

- Internal anal sphincter | - External anal sphincter