Digestive system/abdominal quadrants

Question 1

Spleen

Answer 1

• recycles old blood cells, kills bacteria and other foreign particles, and plays an important role in the immune system.
• part of the lymphatic system

Question 2

Splenomegaly

Answer 2

• enlargement of the spleen

- causes can be cancers because of the role the spleen plays in the immune system.

Question 3

liver

Answer 3

functions:

• bile production;
• detoxification of drugs, metabolites, and poisons;
• storage of certain vitamins and nutrients,
• synthesis of blood plasma proteins
• 4 lobes

Question 4

caudate Lobe

Answer 4

• on the inferior aspect of the liver

- this is posterior on the right lobe

Question 5

quadrate lobes

Answer 5

• on the inferior aspect of the liver

- this is anterior on the right lobe

Question 6

why does the inferior vena cava run through the liver

Answer 6

it picks up blood that has been processed by the liver on the way back to the heart

Question 7

common hepatic artery

Answer 7

• supplies oxygenated blood to the liver
• smaller but thicker walled vessel
• a branch of the celiac trunk

Question 8

hepatic portal vein

Answer 8

-carries blood from the digestive tract to the liver so that it can be processed and detoxifies

Question 9

large intestine

Answer 9

-primary function is to absorb water
-has 5 sections:
cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

Question 10

appendix

Answer 10

• a small structure that shoots off the cecum

- has lymphatic and immune functions.

Question 11

esophagus

Answer 11

located along the midline, just to the right of the descending aorta, posterior to the trachea
- transfers food to the stomach and has vertical folds that help aid in the process

Question 12

inferior esophageal sphincter

Answer 12

• this is at the end of the esophagus

- this is also called the cardiac sphincter

Question 13

rugae

Answer 13

-folds on the interior surface, are clearly visible that help churn and break down the food

Question 14

the first region of the stomach

Answer 14

cardiac region

-closest to the espohagus

Question 15

the most superior region of the stomach

Answer 15

the fundus

-this is dome shaped

Question 16

central region of the stomach

Answer 16

body

Question 17

the last portion of the stomach before the small intestine

Answer 17

the pyloric region

Question 18

pyloric sphincter

Answer 18

a thick sphincter at the end of the stomach just before the small intestine that controls the flow of chyme into the small intestine

Question 19

splenic artery

Answer 19

the artery that is twisting and winding near the pancreas

• it supplies the spleen, part of the stomach, and part of the pancreas
• it is a branch of the celiac trunk

Question 20

left gastric artery

Answer 20

• supplies the rest of the stomach and inferior esophagus.

- second half of the celiac trunk

Question 21

celiac trunk

Answer 21

• the major artery that supplies the stomach, spleen, liver, esophagus, and also parts of the pancreas and duodenum
• it branches off of the decending aorta

Question 22

gall bladder

Answer 22

• this is typically green

- store bile

Question 23

common hepatic duct

Answer 23

this carries bile from the liver to the common bile duct

-this merges with the cystic duct

Question 24

cystic duct

Answer 24

this carries bile from the gall bladder to merge with the common hepatic duct to become the common bile duct

Question 25

pancreas

Answer 25

- is light yellow in color and more granular than nearby adipose (fat) tissue - has endocrine and exocrine secretions that control different aspects of digestion

Question 26

pancreatic duct

Answer 26

- this carries enzymes and bicarbonate to the small intestines - this combines with the common bile duct just before they both deposit their components into the duodenum

Question 27

hepatopancreatic ampulla

Answer 27

- a short but enlarged vessel that the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct meet at just prior to entering the SI

Question 28

mesenteries

Answer 28

these hold organs in place, store fat, and provide a route for vessels and nerves to reach organs

Question 29

greater omentum

Answer 29

-lies over the anterior aspect of the abdominal organs

Question 30

duodeum

Answer 30

- this is the first part of the small intestine | - lots of folds that important for nutrient absorption

Question 31

what is the middle part of the small intestine

Answer 31

the jejunum, | - lots of twisting and turning going on here so we are not responsible for specifically identifying it

Question 32

what is the last part of the small intestine

Answer 32

Illeum

Question 33

what is the order that things go in the larger intestine

Answer 33

- cecum - ascending colon - reaches the hepatic flexure - transverse colon - the splenic flexure - decending colon - sigmoid colon

Question 34

teniae coil

Answer 34

this is the 3 separate ribbons of the smooth muscle on the outside of he ascending, transverse, descending and the sigmoid colon

Question 35

Upper left quadrant

Answer 35

- stomach - splenic flexure - spleen - pancreas - left kidney - left adrenal gland

Question 36

upper right quadrant

Answer 36

- right kidney - right adrenal gland - most of liver - gall bladder - duodenum - pancreas (head) - hepatic flexure

Question 37

lower right quadrant

Answer 37

- cecum - appendix - most of ascending colon - most of ileum - right ovary

Question 38

lower left quadrant

Answer 38

- left ureter - sigmoid colon - most of descending colon - most of jejunum - left ovary