digestive system anatomy

Question 1

foregut contains

Answer 1

oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, proximal half of duodenum

Question 2

midgut contains

Answer 2

distal half of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, 3/4 transverse colon

Question 3

hindgut contains

Answer 3

1/4 transverse + descending + sigmoid colon, rectum

Question 4

what are mesenteries

Answer 4

fold of membrane that holds primitive gut in position
-derived from mesoderm
-in both peritoneal layers

Question 5

peritoneum (single layer) surrounding organ is called

Answer 5

visceral peritoneum - at wall of organ

Question 6

peritoneum (single layer) surrounding body is called

Answer 6

parietal peritoneum - at wall of body

Question 7

mesentery (dual layer) - back is called

Answer 7

dorsal mesentery - attaches abdominal organs to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 8

mesentery (dual layer) - front is called
-this layer …. during development except for region developing from foregut

Answer 8

ventral mesentery
degenerates

Question 9

roles of mesentery

Answer 9

-holds abdominal organs in place
-pathway for blood vessels, lymphatics, innervation to reach abdominal organs

Question 10

gut rotation is in specific order caused by …

Answer 10

differences in growth rate of the dorsal mesentery

structures move from midline to lateral, and innervation
explains why abdominal pain = midline

Question 11

abdomen and pelvis - no clear ….

Answer 11

separation

Question 12

kidney is retroperitoneal - what does this mean

Answer 12

sits behind the peritoneum

Question 13

organ rotation leads to lesser/greater sacs -

Answer 13

-lesser sac - behind the stomach
-greater sac - at the front, rest of peritoneal cavity

Question 14

inner layer of the alimentary canal secretes mucus is called -

Answer 14

mucosal

Question 15

middle layer of the alimentary canal moves lumen contents is called -

Answer 15

muscular

Question 16

outer layer of the alimentary canal secretes lubricating fluid is called -

Answer 16

serous

Question 17

most dilated part of alimentary canal

Answer 17

stomach

Question 18

stomach bordered between

Answer 18

oesophagus and small intestine

Question 19

stomach has 2 openings -

Answer 19

2 curvatures and 2 surfaces

Question 20

small intestine is where

Answer 20

digestion and absorption take place
-convoluted tubule

Question 23

what is the name of the artery that provides blood to mid gut

Answer 23

superior mesenteric artery

Question 24

what is the name of the artery that provides blood to hindgut

Answer 24

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 25

lymphatics are named according to

Answer 25

which vessel they come from

Question 26

superior mesenteric nodes from the -

Answer 26

midgut

Question 27

inferior mesenteric nodes from the -

Answer 27

hindgut

Question 28

at the end of the 4 weeks post folding both the ... and ... ends remain closed by membranes

Answer 28

cranial and caudal

Question 29

examples of dorsal mesentery (attaches abdominal organs to back abdominal wall)

Answer 29

-greater omentum -mesentery of small and large intestine

Question 30

ventral mesentery is only retained in the .... region

Answer 30

foregut example - lesser omentum links lesser curvature of stomach to back of liver, falciform ligament

Question 31

lesser/greater sac communicate via

Answer 31

epiploic foramen

Question 32

primitive gut formed as a result of the developing embryo undertaking 2 folds -

Answer 32

1 in the cranial-caudal axis 1 in the lateral plane end of 4 weeks, both cranial and caudal ends are closed by membranes

Question 33

role of stomach (2)

Answer 33

mechanical - muscle chemical - digestion

Question 34

lesser curvature of stomach on ... border

Answer 34

superior

Question 35

greater curvature of stomach on ... border

Answer 35

inferior

Question 36

wall of stomach composed of 3 layered muscle (3)

Answer 36

longitudinal, circular, oblique

Question 37

small intestine divided into 3 main categories

Answer 37

duodenum jejunum ileum DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION

Question 38

which part of small intestine lies in the retroperitoneal space

Answer 38

duodenum

Question 39

jejunum role

Answer 39

large surface area for absorption, increased by microvilli and circular folds -so is very mobile - attached only to 1 edge

Question 40

large intestine has 4 parts

Answer 40

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Question 41

parts of large intestine that are retroperitoneal

Answer 41

ascending and descending

Question 42

role of large intestine

Answer 42

reabsorb water, form faeces and expel

Question 43

action of defacation in large intestine is controlled by

Answer 43

rectum/anus

Question 44

which part of the gut features microvilli on its luminal surface

Answer 44

ileum

Question 45

facts about GI tract

Answer 45

The epithelium of the mucosa varies in different parts of the GI tract c. The muscularis mucosa has different thicknesses in different regions d. Glands are only found in the submucosa of the duodenum and oesophagus e. Water recovery is a major role of the colon

Question 46

in which region is both new activation for digestion and absorption of digestion products started

Answer 46

duodenum