basic tissue types

Question 1

in a tissue, the ….. fills the spaces between the cells

Answer 1

ECM

Question 2

4 types of tissue

Answer 2

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
nervous tissue
muscle tissue

Question 3

epithelia cover

Answer 3

surfaces - skin, stomach, blood vessels

Question 4

3 cell shapes for epithelium

Answer 4

1. simple squamous - endothelial cells
2. simple cuboidal - salivary gland duct
3. simple columnar - inner surface of small intestine

Question 5

3 cell arrangements for epithelium

Answer 5

1. pseudostratified - all cells attached to underlying basement membrane - respiratory tract
2. stratified squamous - only deepest layer attached to basement membrane - skin
3. stratified transitional - urinary system

Question 6

specialisations of epithelia - microvilli

Answer 6

increase SA for reabsorption - supported by actin
- inner surface of small intestine

Question 7

specialisations of epithelia - cilia

Answer 7

moves substances along, made of microtubules
- respiratory system eg. trachea

Question 8

specialisations of epithelia - keratinised

Answer 8

outer layer of dead keratinised cells
- skin

Question 9

specialised cell types in epithelium

Answer 9

goblet cells in ciliated pseudostratified epithelium of trachea - secretes mucous
- epithelial tissue with more than 1 cell type

Question 10

3 types of connective tissue

Answer 10

1. fluid connective tissue (blood, lymph)
2. soft connective tissue (fibroblasts, adipose cells)
3. hard connective tissue (cartilage, bone)

Question 11

soft and hard connective tissue seperated by large amounts of extracellular material called

Answer 11

matrix

Question 12

3 key components of matrix -
1. proteoglycans

Answer 12

protein with many charged carb side chains
hydrated to form a gel

Question 13

3 key components of matrix -
2. collagen proteins

Answer 13

rope-like, bend but don’t stretch

Question 14

3 key components of matrix -
3. elastic fibres

Answer 14

stretchable and resilient

Question 15

nervous tissue made of 2 types of cell

Answer 15

-neurons
-glial cells

Question 16

muscle tissue 3 types
skeletal muscle -

Answer 16

attached to skeleton for voluntary movement

Question 17

muscle tissue 3 types
smooth muscle -

Answer 17

in walls of internal organs and blood vessels, involuntary

Question 18

muscle tissue 3 types
cardiac muscle -

Answer 18

only in heart

Question 19

in liver -

Answer 19

mostly epithelia - hepatocytes and endothelial cells line blood sinuses
- blood and soft connective tissue

Question 20

simple squamous cells are

Answer 20

endothelial cells lining blood vessel

Question 21

simple cuboidal cells are

Answer 21

salivary gland duct

Question 22

simple columnar cells line

Answer 22

inner surface of small intestine

Question 23

pseudostratified arrangement of epithelia found in

Answer 23

respiratory system eg. trachea
-all cells attached to underlying basement membrane

Question 24

stratified squamous arrangement of epithelia found in

Answer 24

skin

Question 25

transitional arrangement of epithelia found in

Answer 25

urethra and bladder

Question 26

epithelial specialisations on cells

Answer 26

-Cilia (movement of material over cell) - respiratory system eg. trachea -Microvilli (absorption; increase surface area) - inner surface of small intestine -Keratinisation (protection) - skin

Question 27

specialised cell types within epithelium - .... cells within ciliated pseudostratified epithelium of trachea secretes mucus

Answer 27

goblet cells

Question 28

fluid connective tissues =

Answer 28

blood and lymph

Question 29

soft connective tissue (connective tissue proper) =

Answer 29

fibroblasts adipose cells

Question 30

hard connective tissue (supporting connective tissue) =

Answer 30

cartilage and bone

Question 31

connective tissue functions

Answer 31

Forms architectural framework of the body to preserve body form * Filler for space between other types of tissue * Structural support (e.g. bone, cartilage) * Attachment (e.g. mesenteries for gut; fascia) * Physical protection (e.g. skin) * Defence via immune cells (e.g. skin, blood) * Conduit for blood vessels and nerves * Store (e.g. lipids) * Wound healing * Transport of material around body (blood, lymph)

Question 32

Soft and Hard Connective Tissue Properties are determined by

Answer 32

ECM they secrete

Question 33

matrix in a connective tissue

Answer 33

1. oval nucleus of a fibroblast 2. elastic fibres are thin, straight, branching 3. collagen bundles are thick and wavy pink material filling the spaces = hydrated proteoglycans

Question 34

cartilage - ..... collagen, lots of dense proteoglycans, deformable?

Answer 34

random but dense collagen firm but deformable

Question 35

bone - mineral, random collagen, deformable?

Answer 35

hard, not deformable

Question 36

spinal cord - grey and white matter

Answer 36

grey in middle has neuron cell bodies and glial cells white matter outside has axons and glial cells