Digestive System and Disorders

Question 1

What are the functions of the digestive system?

Answer 1

Absorption, elimination and digestion.

Question 2

What happens in the small intestine?

Answer 2

CHYME mixes with Digestive enzymes from /gall bladder and pancreas secrete into DUODENUM.
JEJUNUM + ILEUM absorb food
Remaining CHYME, undigested nutrients and waste head to Large Intestine.

Question 3

What happens in the stomach?

Answer 3

Churns the BOLUS, Gastric juices are here. Alcohol and Water are absorbed, BOLUS becomes CHYME. CHYME is pushed into small intestine.

Question 4

What happens in the oesophagus?

Answer 4

Receives the bolus. Bolus is moved by Peristalsis. Brings Bolus to Stomach.

Question 5

What is Epiglottis? What does it do?

Answer 5

Leaf shaped flap. Prevents food and water entering the lung. (So it prevents aspiration)

Question 6

What happens in the mouth during digestion?

Answer 6

Teeth cut and grind food. Saliva moistens and food turns to bolus. Enzymes begin breaking down starch. Tongue pushes food down the Pharynx.

Question 7

What happens in the large intestine?

Answer 7

Water and electrolytes are absorbed from the chyme.

Feces are formed and moved to the rectum (via peristalsis)

Question 8

What happens in the rectum?

Answer 8

Feces are stored until they are ready to be passed out through the anus. Feces become stool when excreted.

Question 9

Anal Sphincter?

Answer 9

Muscle ring that is under voluntary control.

Question 10

What are the liver’s functions?

Answer 10

Secretes bile, bile emulsifies fat.
Metabolizes glucose and proteins.
Detoxifies harmful substances.

Question 11

What is the gallbladders function?

Answer 11

Stores bile. Then ejects it into the duodenum when the bile is needed to break down chyme.

Question 12

What is the pancreas’ function?

Answer 12

Produces and secretes pancreatic juice into duodenum. Produces insulin.

Question 13

What are some age related changes to the digestive system?

Answer 13

Decreased appetite, less saliva,
dysphagia.
Loss of teeth.
Decreased peristalsis leading to constipation.
Difficulty digesting fatty food.

Question 14

T or F Another name for the gastrointestinal tract is. the alimentary canal

Answer 14

True

Question 15

T or F Salvia plays a part in the chemical digestion of foods

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is produced by the pancreas and is vital to glucose?

Answer 16

Insulin

Question 17

A muscle ring under voluntary control

Answer 17

Anal Sphincter

Question 18

The first step in digestion

Answer 18

Mastication

Question 19

Involuntary muscle contraction that moves food through the digestive tract

Answer 19

Peristalsis

Question 20

What is the name of the body function that burns food for heat and energy?

Answer 20

Metabolism

Question 21

What is a yellowing of the skin called? (Due to bile build up in the blood)

Answer 21

Jaundice

Question 22

What is the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen called?

Answer 22

Ascites

Question 23

What is an infection of the diverticulum in the colon?

Answer 23

Diverticulitis

Question 24

What is a tear in the skin of the anal canal called?

Answer 24

Fissure

Question 25

What is the medical term for vomiting?

Answer 25

Emesis

Question 26

What is glucose?

Answer 26

Simple sugar. Source of energy for cells.

Question 27

How would you treat dehydration in a client?

Answer 27

Encourage fluids (small amount frequently) elevate feet.

Question 28

How would you treat a client that is vomiting?

Answer 28

Cool compress, encourage rest, clean up area and client, oral hygiene, Report and observe vomit. (look for emesis could indicate blood)

Question 29

What are signs and symptoms of dehydration?

Answer 29

Dark coloured urine, dry skin, skin flushing , fatigue, dry mouth and muscle cramps.

Question 30

What are the causes of diarrhea?

Answer 30

Infections Medications Food allergy Pathogens in food Gastrointestinal diseases

Question 31

How would you treat diarrhea?

Answer 31

BRAT diet Medications Clear fluids then full fluids to reg food.

Question 32

How to help client with diarrhea?

Answer 32

Assist with elimination Provide good skincare Record and report amount and frequency

Question 33

What is dysphagia?

Answer 33

Difficulty swallowing.

Question 34

What can cause dysphagia?

Answer 34

Medication, Paralysis, decreased saliva, muscle weakness. dementia.

Question 35

What are the signs and symptoms of dysphagia?

Answer 35

Coughing when eating Drooling Choking episodes Pocketing of food in cheeks.

Question 36

How to treat dysphagia

Answer 36

Swallowing assessment Food modifications Thickened fluids.

Question 37

What is the HCA responsibility for Dysphagia?

Answer 37

Follow care plan Sit client upright for meals and for 30 mins after Give client lots of time for eating

Question 38

What causes constipation?

Answer 38

Low fibre Decreased fluid intace Inactivity Medications Aging

Question 39

How to manage constipation?

Answer 39

Change diet increase fibre and fluids Increase physical activity Medication Jellax or prunes

Question 40

HCA responsibility for constipation?

Answer 40

Follow care plan Observe and report BM Encourage balanced diet Ensure privacy Administer suppositories or enemas

Question 41

What is fecal impaction?

Answer 41

Prolonged accumulation of feces in rectum.

Question 42

What is obesity?

Answer 42

Abnormal fat accumulation

Question 43

What are the risks of obesity?

Answer 43

Hypertension Heart disease Diabetes Stroke Mental health problems etc. etc.

Question 44

How to treat loss of appetite?

Answer 44

Eating small meals regularly Managing any underlying conditions Vitamins + supplements

Question 45

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Answer 45

Stomach acids + food go back into the oesophagus Inflammation of its lining

Question 46

What are. the signs and symptoms of GERD

Answer 46

Heart burn Sour taste in mouth Halitosis (bad breath) Gas Difficulty swallowing

Question 47

How to manage GERD?

Answer 47

Medications Avoid fatty food caffeine and alcohol Avoid smoking Smaller meals more often Dont eat 3 hours before bed

Question 48

How would you help a client who has GERD

Answer 48

Follow care plan HOB elevated at night Sit upright 30 mins after meal

Question 49

What is a hiatus hernia?

Answer 49

Herniation of the upper part of stomach through a tear or weakness in muscle

Question 50

How to manage a hiatus hernia?

Answer 50

Surgery if large Weight loss Stress mgmt Lifestyle changes

Question 51

What is diverticular disease?

Answer 51

Small pouches (diverticulum) develop & bulge through weak spots in colon No obvious symptoms but pouches can become infected and cause gasto destress

Question 52

What is diverticulosis? vs Diverticulitis

Answer 52

Osis: Formation of abnormal pouches Itis: The inflammation of the pouches.

Question 53

What are the causes of a gastrointestinal ulcer?

Answer 53

Most associated with a particular bacteria GI irritating drugs such as asprin

Question 54

Signs and symptoms of a Gastrointestinal ulcer?

Answer 54

Abdominal pain Nausea vomiting Hematemesis (vomiting of blood) Black tarry stool

Question 55

How to treat Gastrointestinal ulcer?

Answer 55

Antacids and medications diet changes lifestyle changes quit smoking

Question 56

What is cirrhosis?

Answer 56

Chronic liver disease No cure

Question 57

What are the signs and symptoms of cirrhosis?

Answer 57

Weight loss dark urine Jaundice Itchy skin Englarged liver Ascites Pale coloured feces

Question 58

What are the causes of cirrhosis?

Answer 58

Alcoholism Hep C Toxins in body

Question 59

How to manage cirrhosis?

Answer 59

Lifestyle change Low fat diet No alcohol

Question 60

What are the HCA responsibility of cirrhosis?

Answer 60

Good skincare as it breaks down easily Skin on abdomen will be tight and fragile

Question 61

Celiac disease

Answer 61

Disorder of small intestine Reaction to gluten

Question 62

Symptoms of celiac disease?

Answer 62

Vomiting and diarrhea Muscle wasting Extreme tiredness

Question 63

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Answer 63

Disorder of the bowel Two types one with diarrhea one with constipation