Digestive System and Disorders Flashcards
(63 cards)
What are the functions of the digestive system?
Absorption, elimination and digestion.
What happens in the small intestine?
CHYME mixes with Digestive enzymes from liver and pancreas secrete into DUODENUM.
JEJUNUM + ILEUM absorb food
Remaining CHYME, undigested nutrients and waste head to Large Intestine.
What happens in the stomach?
Churns the BOLUS, Gastric juices are here. Alcohol and Water are absorbed, BOLUS becomes CHYME. CHYME is pushed into small intestine.
What happens in the oesophagus?
Receives the bolus. Bolus is moved by Peristalsis. Brings Bolus to Stomach.
What is Epiglottis? What does it do?
Leaf shaped flap. Prevents food and water entering the lung. (So it prevents aspiration)
What happens in the mouth?
Teeth cut and grind food. Saliva moistens and food turns to bolus. Enzymes begin breaking down starch. Tongue pushes food down the Pharynx.
What happens in the large intestine?
Water and electrolytes are absorbed from the chyme.
Feces are formed and moved to the rectum (via peristalsis)
What happens in the rectum?
Feces are stored until they are ready to be passed out through the anus. Feces become stool when excreted.
Anal Sphincter?
Muscle ring that is under voluntary control.
What are the liver’s functions?
Secretes bile, bile emulsifies fat.
Metabolizes glucose and proteins.
Detoxifies harmful substances.
What is the gallbladders function?
Stores bile. Then ejects it into the duodenum when the bile is needed to break down chyme.
What is the pancreas’ function?
Produces and secretes pancreatic juice into duodenum. Produces insulin.
What are some age related changes to the digestive system?
Decreased appetite, less saliva,
dysphagia.
Loss of teeth.
Decreased peristalsis leading to constipation.
Difficulty digesting fatty food.
T or F Another name for the gastrointestinal tract is. the alimentary canal
True
T or F Salvia plays a part in the chemical digestion of foods
True
What is produced by the pancreas and is vital to glucose?
Insulin
A muscle ring under voluntary control
Anal Sphincter
The first step in digestion
Mastication
Involuntary muscle contraction that moves food through the digestive tract
Peristalsis
What is the name of the body function that burns food for heat and energy?
Metabolism
What is a yellowing of the skin called? (Due to bile build up in the blood)
Jaundice
What is the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen called?
Ascites
What is an infection of the diverticulum in the colon?
Diverticulitis
What is a tear in the skin of the anal canal called?
Fissure