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CHC Midterm > Digestive System and Disorders > Flashcards

Digestive System and Disorders Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A

Absorption, elimination and digestion.

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2
Q

What happens in the small intestine?

A

CHYME mixes with Digestive enzymes from liver and pancreas secrete into DUODENUM.
JEJUNUM + ILEUM absorb food
Remaining CHYME, undigested nutrients and waste head to Large Intestine.

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3
Q

What happens in the stomach?

A

Churns the BOLUS, Gastric juices are here. Alcohol and Water are absorbed, BOLUS becomes CHYME. CHYME is pushed into small intestine.

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4
Q

What happens in the oesophagus?

A

Receives the bolus. Bolus is moved by Peristalsis. Brings Bolus to Stomach.

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5
Q

What is Epiglottis? What does it do?

A

Leaf shaped flap. Prevents food and water entering the lung. (So it prevents aspiration)

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6
Q

What happens in the mouth?

A

Teeth cut and grind food. Saliva moistens and food turns to bolus. Enzymes begin breaking down starch. Tongue pushes food down the Pharynx.

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7
Q

What happens in the large intestine?

A

Water and electrolytes are absorbed from the chyme.

Feces are formed and moved to the rectum (via peristalsis)

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8
Q

What happens in the rectum?

A

Feces are stored until they are ready to be passed out through the anus. Feces become stool when excreted.

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9
Q

Anal Sphincter?

A

Muscle ring that is under voluntary control.

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10
Q

What are the liver’s functions?

A

Secretes bile, bile emulsifies fat.
Metabolizes glucose and proteins.
Detoxifies harmful substances.

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11
Q

What is the gallbladders function?

A

Stores bile. Then ejects it into the duodenum when the bile is needed to break down chyme.

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12
Q

What is the pancreas’ function?

A

Produces and secretes pancreatic juice into duodenum. Produces insulin.

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13
Q

What are some age related changes to the digestive system?

A

Decreased appetite, less saliva,
dysphagia.
Loss of teeth.
Decreased peristalsis leading to constipation.
Difficulty digesting fatty food.

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14
Q

T or F Another name for the gastrointestinal tract is. the alimentary canal

A

True

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15
Q

T or F Salvia plays a part in the chemical digestion of foods

A

True

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16
Q

What is produced by the pancreas and is vital to glucose?

A

Insulin

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17
Q

A muscle ring under voluntary control

A

Anal Sphincter

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18
Q

The first step in digestion

A

Mastication

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19
Q

Involuntary muscle contraction that moves food through the digestive tract

A

Peristalsis

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20
Q

What is the name of the body function that burns food for heat and energy?

A

Metabolism

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21
Q

What is a yellowing of the skin called? (Due to bile build up in the blood)

A

Jaundice

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22
Q

What is the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen called?

A

Ascites

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23
Q

What is an infection of the diverticulum in the colon?

A

Diverticulitis

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24
Q

What is a tear in the skin of the anal canal called?

A

Fissure

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25
What is the medical term for vomiting?
Emesis
26
What is glucose?
Simple sugar. Source of energy for cells.
27
How would you treat dehydration in a client?
Encourage fluids (small amount frequently) elevate feet.
28
How would you treat a client that is vomiting?
Cool compress, encourage rest, clean up area and client, oral hygiene, Report and observe vomit. (look for emesis could indicate blood)
29
What are signs and symptoms of dehydration?
Dark coloured urine, dry skin, skin flushing , fatigue, dry mouth and muscle cramps.
30
What are the causes of diarrhea?
Infections Medications Food allergy Pathogens in food Gastrointestinal diseases
31
How would you treat diarrhea?
BRAT diet Medications Clear fluids then full fluids to reg food.
32
How to help client with diarrhea?
Assist with elimination Provide good skincare Record and report amount and frequency
33
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing.
34
What can cause dysphagia?
Medication, Paralysis, decreased saliva, muscle weakness. dementia.
35
What are the signs and symptoms of dysphagia?
Coughing when eating Drooling Choking episodes Pocketing of food in cheeks.
36
How to treat dysphagia
Swallowing assessment Food modifications Thickened fluids.
37
What is the HCA responsibility for Dysphagia?
Follow care plan Sit client upright for meals and for 30 mins after Give client lots of time for eating
38
What causes constipation?
Low fibre Decreased fluid intace Inactivity Medications Aging
39
How to manage constipation?
Change diet increase fibre and fluids Increase physical activity Medication Jellax or prunes
40
HCA responsibility for constipation?
Follow care plan Observe and report BM Encourage balanced diet Ensure privacy Administer suppositories or enemas
41
What is fecal impaction?
Prolonged accumulation of feces in rectum.
42
What is obesity?
Abnormal fat accumulation
43
What are the risks of obesity?
Hypertension Heart disease Diabetes Stroke Mental health problems etc. etc.
44
How to treat loss of appetite?
Eating small meals regularly Managing any underlying conditions Vitamins + supplements
45
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Stomach acids + food go back into the oesophagus Inflammation of its lining
46
What are. the signs and symptoms of GERD
Heart burn Sour taste in mouth Halitosis (bad breath) Gas Difficulty swallowing
47
How to manage GERD?
Medications Avoid fatty food caffeine and alcohol Avoid smoking Smaller meals more often Dont eat 3 hours before bed
48
How would you help a client who has GERD
Follow care plan HOB elevated at night Sit upright 30 mins after meal
49
What is a hiatus hernia?
Herniation of the upper part of stomach through a tear or weakness in muscle
50
How to manage a hiatus hernia?
Surgery if large Weight loss Stress mgmt Lifestyle changes
51
What is diverticular disease?
Small pouches (diverticulum) develop & bulge through weak spots in colon No obvious symptoms but pouches can become infected and cause gasto destress
52
What is diverticulosis? vs Diverticulitis
Osis: Formation of abnormal pouches Itis: The inflammation of the pouches.
53
What are the causes of a gastrointestinal ulcer?
Most associated with a particular bacteria GI irritating drugs such as asprin
54
Signs and symptoms of a Gastrointestinal ulcer?
Abdominal pain Nausea vomiting Hematemesis (vomiting of blood) Black tarry stool
55
How to treat Gastrointestinal ulcer?
Antacids and medications diet changes lifestyle changes quit smoking
56
What is cirrhosis?
Chronic liver disease No cure
57
What are the signs and symptoms of cirrhosis?
Weight loss dark urine Jaundice Itchy skin Englarged liver Ascites Pale coloured feces
58
What are the causes of cirrhosis?
Alcoholism Hep C Toxins in body
59
How to manage cirrhosis?
Lifestyle change Low fat diet No alcohol
60
What are the HCA responsibility of cirrhosis?
Good skincare as it breaks down easily Skin on abdomen will be tight and fragile
61
Celiac disease
Disorder of small intestine Reaction to gluten
62
Symptoms of celiac disease?
Vomiting and diarrhea Muscle wasting Extreme tiredness
63
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Disorder of the bowel Two types one with diarrhea one with constipation

CHC Midterm (7 decks)

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