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CHC Midterm > Musculoskeletal System and Disorders > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System and Disorders Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What type of tissue contracts and relaxes?

A

Muscle

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2
Q

What tissue is the major component of the brain and spinal cord?

A

Nerve/Nervous tissue

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3
Q

What is the order of the organization of the body?

A

Cell-Tissue-Organ-System

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4
Q

Lateral?

A

Farthest from body

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5
Q

Posterior?

A

Back surface of body

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6
Q

Anterior?

A

Front of body

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7
Q

What type of tissue is bone?

A

Connective

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8
Q

T or F: Mobility is met by the muscular skeletal system?

A

True

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9
Q

T or F Connective Tissue covers the external and internal body structure

A

False

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

Voluntary, Involuntary and Cardiac <3

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of Voluntary muscles

A

Striated (Stripes), contract and extension, attached to bone, skeletal.

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of involuntary muscles

A

non striated/smooth. in intestines etc.

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13
Q

Characteristics of cardiac muscle <3?

A

Straited/Involuntary. Voluntary control is also possible. Heart is the strongest muscle in body

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14
Q

Functions of muscle?

A

Mobility, regulates heat, protects, maintains posture

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15
Q

Age related changes of the muscular system?

A

Loss of strength, shortened muscles, heart pumps slower, intestinal movement slows

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16
Q

Paralysis

A

Loss of voluntary movement

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17
Q

Atrophy

A

Muscle mass decrease

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18
Q

Contracture

A

Permanent shortening of muscles

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19
Q

Edema

A

Swelling of tissue

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20
Q

How many bones in the human adult body?

A

206

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21
Q

Examples of long bone?

A

arms and legs

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22
Q

Examples of short bone?

A

wrist and ankle

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23
Q

Examples of flat bone?

A

Skull, Pelvis and ribcage

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24
Q

Examples of irregular bone?

A

Vertebrae( in spine)

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25
Adduction
Toward the midline
26
Abduction
Away from the midline
27
What is flexion?
Bending of joint?
28
What is Extension?
Straightening of joint?
29
What are the 3 types of joints?
Hinge, Ball and Socket Pivot?
30
What type of joint is the knee and elbow?
Hinge
31
What type of joint for the skull?
Pivot
32
What type of joint for the shoulder and hip?
Ball and socket
33
What does a tendon do?
connects muscle to bone
34
What does a ligament do?
connects bone to bone
35
What does cartilage do?
cushions between 2 bones prevents friction
36
What does a joint do?
2 or more bones meet
37
What is the function of the skeletal system?
Gives shape, produces blood cells (bone marrow), calcium storage, protection and movement
38
Age related changes to the skeletal system?
Loss of bone mass, loss of height due to shrinkage, joints stiffen and become painful
39
T or F Tendons connect bone to bone
False
40
T or F Muscles found in the walls of intestines are involuntary
True
41
Permanent shortening of the muscles is due to what?
Contracture
42
Atrophy
Reduced muscle mass
43
What are the 4 types of bone?
Short, Flat, Irregular and Long
44
T or F Bones are hard rigid structures made of non living cells?
False
45
T or F Hinge joints allow bending and stretching movement
True
46
T or F Osteoarthritis has no cure
True
47
Your client requires arthoplasty. What does that mean?
Surgical replacement of joint
48
What is a comminuted fracture?
bone breaks in 2 or more places
49
What is an open fracture
Skin breaks, bone sticks out.
50
What is a closed fracture?
Bone breaks, skin intact
51
What are some risk factors of falls?
A history of falls, different meds interacting (polypharmacy) , hypo-tension, smaller bladder, stroke or other medical conditions
52
Atrophy
Wasting away (tissue muscle etc)
53
Gait
Walking pattern
54
Ambulate
To walk
55
Ataxia
Poor muscle co-ordination
56
What are the causes of fractures?
Trauma/Accidents, Overuse and Osteoporosis
57
What are the signs and symptoms of a fracture?
Bent limb, Tingling numbness, pain, swelling, unable to bear weight, bruising, bleeding.
58
Closed reduction?
Treatment of fracture: Cast
59
Open reduction?
Treatment of fracture: Surgery pins, plates etc. + cast
60
HCA Responsibilities for fractures?
Observe and report, look @ skin temp, swelling/colour change/ numbness. do they have fever? any odor or drainage, is skin intact. Be gentle
61
Characteristics of contractures?
Immobility of muscles, deformities, usually at the fingers nails, ankles and elbows. Permanent.
62
HCA responsibility for contractures?
Report and observe, reposition client every 2 hours, good skin care, gentle ROM exercises, follow care plan, client may have splints.
63
Characteristics of arthritis?
swelling redness, heat pain. Most common joint disease.
64
What are the two most common types of arthritis?
Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
65
Osteoarthritis characteristics?
Less pain in morning, most common type, caused by wear and tear, happens on weight bearing joints, no cure. can get spurs (bony growths)
66
Rheumatoid Arthritis characteristics?
Pain worse in morning, Chronic and progressive, immune system attacking itself, bones nails ligaments, Fatigue and fever, no cure.
67
HCA responsibility/ treatments for Rheumatoid Arthritis
ROM exercise, pain management splints and rest.
68
HCA responsibility/ treatments for Osteoarthritis Arthritis
Walking aides, ROM exercises, lose wight, elevated toilet seat. etc.
69
Characteristics of osteoporosis?
Bones become brittle, break easily, happens in older adults and post menopause women, loss of height and dowagers hump.
70
Risk factors of Osteoporosis?
Lack of estrogen and calcium. Smoking and alcohol, Immobility.
71
How to prevent and manage osteoporosis?
Vit D and Calcium, quit smoking, mobilize daily, reposition every 2 hours, ROM exercises .
72
Characteristics of Fibromyalgia?
Aching, stiffness, fatigue of muscles ligaments and tendons. No cure.
73
How to manage Fibromyalgia?
Avoid intense workouts, hot and cold compress, massage, ROM exercises.

CHC Midterm (7 decks)

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