Digestive System: Appendix, Colon, Rectum, Anal canal

Question 1

What is another name for the appendix?

Answer 1

Vermiform appendix

Question 2

What is the appendix?

Answer 2

A blind pouch on the right extending from the cecum

Question 3

What is the surface epithelium of the appendix?

Answer 3

Simple columnar with surface absorptive cells, goblets, regenerative cells, and DNES cells

Question 4

Does the appendix have a lamina propria?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Does the appendix have a muscularis mucosae?

Answer 5

Yes but it’s poorly developed

Question 6

Does the appendix have crypts? Villi? Paneth cells?

Answer 6

Yes, it has short crypts
NO villi
No to infrequent Paneth cells

Question 7

How is the appendix submucosa?

Answer 7

Thick layer with large blood vessels

Question 8

What are notable structures within the appendix submucosa?

Answer 8

Numerous lymph nodules

Question 9

Does the appendix have a muscularis externa?

Answer 9

Yes, it is thin with a normal pattern (inner circular, outer longitudinal)

Question 10

Does the appendix have a serosa?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

What are the functions of the appendix?

Answer 11

Humoral immunity

Reservoir for good bacteria

Question 12

What structures make up the large intestine?

Answer 12

Cecum, colon, rectum, anus

Question 13

What are the portions of the colon?

Answer 13

Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid portions

Question 14

What structures are histologically similar to the colon?

Answer 14

Cecum

Rectum

Question 15

What are the general functions of the colon?

Answer 15

1. Absorption of water (primary function)
2. Compaction, lubrication, elimination of feces
3. Production of some vitamins as bacterial by products

Question 16

What vitamins are produced by the colon?

Answer 16

Riboflavin
Thiamin
Vitamin K
B12

Question 17

What is the surface epithelium of the colon?

Answer 17

Simple columnar with many goblets, surface absorptive cells (colonocytes), some regenerative cells, very few DNES cells

Question 18

What is another name for the surface absorptive cells of the colon?

Answer 18

Colonocytes

Question 19

How is the lamina propria of the colon?

Answer 19

Typical and has crypts (intestinal glands)

Question 20

How is the muscularis mucosae of the colon?

Answer 20

Typical

Question 21

What is lacking in the mucosa of the colon?

Answer 21

Villi

Paneth cells

Question 22

How is the submucosa of the colon?

Answer 22

Typical

Question 23

How’s the pattern of the colon’s muscularis externa?

Answer 23

Not normal

Question 24

What are teniae (taenia) coli?

Answer 24

Discontinuous bands of outer longitudinal muscle

Question 25

What results from constant tonus of teniae coli?

Answer 25

Sacculations called Haustra

Question 26

Adventitia in the colon make up...?

Answer 26

Ascending and descending colon

Question 27

Serosa in the colon make up...?

Answer 27

Transverse and sigmoid colon

Question 28

What is the general function of the rectum?

Answer 28

Store fecal material

Question 29

What surface epithelium makes up the rectum?

Answer 29

Simple columnar with crypts and goblet cells

Question 30

What are the notable features of the rectum?

Answer 30

Significant luminal wall folds exists called transverse rectal folds No teniae coli in ME which makes longitudinal muscle more complete Lumina wall includes adventitia (vertical rectal folds)

Question 31

How long is the anal canal?

Answer 31

4 cm

Question 32

What structure is the anal canal similar to?

Answer 32

Colon

Question 33

What structure is the rectum similar to?

Answer 33

Colon

Question 34

What surface epithelium makes up the anal canal?

Answer 34

Transitions to stratified squamous

Question 35

What glands are in the anal canal?

Answer 35

Anal glands | Circumanal (apocrine) glands

Question 36

Where are the anal glands and what's their function?

Answer 36

They extend into the submucosa and produce mucus to lubricate the lumen

Question 37

Where are the circumanal (apocrine) glands?

Answer 37

In skin surrounding anus

Question 38

What do the mucosa and submucosa of the anal canal contain?

Answer 38

Longitudinal folds creating anal columns

Question 39

What disappears into the anal canal?

Answer 39

Muscularis mucosae

Question 40

What sphincters are within the anal canal?

Answer 40

Internal anal sphincter | External anal sphincter

Question 41

What makes up the internal anal sphincter?

Answer 41

Thick circular layer of smooth muscle within the muscularis externa

Question 42

What makes up the external anal sphincter?

Answer 42

Striated (voluntary) muscle from the pelvic floor

Question 43

What covers the luminal wall in the anal canal?

Answer 43

Adventitia