Digestive System: Glandular portion

Question 1

describe the organization of the exocrine pancreas?

Answer 1

stroma, parenchyma, duct pattern (intercalated ducts>intralobar ducts>interlobular ducts)

Question 2

what part of the exocrine pancreas is there a high rate of protein synthesis? so with this, is it basophilic or eosinophilic? describe the gland

Answer 2

parenchyma

compound tubuloacinar gland made of serous cells

Question 3

where are the bulk of digestive enzymes located? be specific; name these enzymes; what do all enzymes here secrete

Answer 3

parenchyma of the exocrine pancreas

trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen, proteases in zymogen form

ribonuclease

pancreatic lipase

pancreatic amylase

alkaline sodium bicarbonate solution

Question 4

what is the endocrine portion of the pancreas also known as? how are they arranged?

Answer 4

islets of langerhans

clumps with AUTONOMIC fibers

Question 5

what cell types are found in the endocrine pancreas?

Answer 5

alpha, beta, and delta (enough released for a localized effect, modulate release of insulin and glucagon)

Question 6

important metabolic functions of the liver?

Answer 6

lipid, protein and carbohydrate digestion, drug detox, formation of blood albumins and clotting factors, vitamins and mineral storage, removal of senescent RBC and bile production

Question 7

what is the hepatocyte in contact with?

Answer 7

a sinusoid and a bile canaliculus

Question 8

sinusoids of the hepatic lobule produce these cells?

Answer 8

Kuppfer cells and stellate cells

Question 9

these cells are fixed macrophages found lining the sinusoids and responsible for RBC recycling?

Answer 9

kuppfer cells

Question 10

not visible with normal staining technique and store vitamin A

Answer 10

stellate cell

Question 11

describe the blood flow into the central canal? what about for bile production

Answer 11

mixing of blood from the portal vein and hepatic artery into the hepatic sinusoids than into the central canal flowing out of the liver

hepatocytes secrete directly into the bile canal dumping into the bile duct

Question 12

describe the hepatic lobule?

Answer 12

central vein surrounded by sinusoids, where it has discontinuous epithelium and basal lamina which allows everything but blood to leave the sinusoids and enter the space of Disse

Question 13

this is allows for more access to material via spaces from the blood?

Answer 13

space of Disse

Question 14

this is an elongated tapering organ suspended from eh inferior surface of the liver and stores bile within the small intestine?

Answer 14

gallbladder

Question 15

what layers comprise the gallbladder?

Answer 15

mucosa and muscularis externae

Question 16

what type of cells line the gallbladder?

Answer 16

simple columnar epithelium with some microvilli

Question 17

how does the gallbladder concentrate the bile?

Answer 17

actively pumps sodium into connective tissue space allowing water from lumen to leave concentrating the bile

Question 18

this organ concentrates bile?

Answer 18

gallbladder

Question 19

what is unique about the muscularis mucosa of the gallbladder? what is the other unique characteristics?

Answer 19

there isn’t one

Rokitasky Aschoff sinuses

Question 20

these offer the false appearance of glands produced by the highly folded nature of the gallbladder

Answer 20

Rokitasky Aschoff sinuses

Question 21

this layer propels bile out of the gallbladder upon the stimulation of the CCK?

Answer 21

muscularis externa

Question 22

how is the muscularis externa of the gallbladder arranged?

Answer 22

oblique spiral pattern of smooth muscle