Digestive System I

Question 1

what are the organs of the digestive tube

Answer 1

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 2

what are the accessory organs used in digestion

Answer 2

salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

Question 3

oral cavity is otherwise known as the

Answer 3

buccal cavity

Question 4

what are the three salivary glands

Answer 4

1. parotid
2. submandibular
3. sublingual

Question 5

below zygomatic arch and anterior to ear, just beneath skin with single ducts that open lateral to 2nd upper molar (stensons duct)

Answer 5

parotid gland

Question 6

parotid gland is innervated by what

Answer 6

parasym - CN IX

Question 7

in the floor of the mouth on inner surface on the sides of the frenulum, posterior to the lower incisors

Answer 7

submandibular gland

Question 8

submandibular gland is innervated by what

Answer 8

parasym - CN VII

Question 9

beneath the mucosa on the floor of the mouth with numerous ducts to open along the sides of the tongue

Answer 9

sublingual gland

Question 10

sublingual gland is innervated by what

Answer 10

parasym - CN VII

Question 11

esophagus extends from ____ and vertebra level ___ and terminates in the _____ at the ___

Answer 11

start: pharynx @ C6
end: cardial orifice @ stomach

Question 12

what are the three esophagial potential restrictions

Answer 12

1. upper esophageal sphincter
2. broncho-aortic constriction
3. lower esophageal sphincter

Question 13

cricopharyngeus muscle which demarcates the beginning of the esophagus (potential restriction)

Answer 13

upper esophageal sphincter

Question 14

area where the esophagus is first crossed by the arch of the aorta and then by the left main bronchus (potential restriction)

Answer 14

broncho-aortic constriction

Question 15

@T10 located where the esophagus passes through esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm. prevents reflux of gastric contents (potential restricition)

Answer 15

lower esophageal sphincter

Question 16

the esophagus is a ____ derivative

Answer 16

foregut

Question 17

the abdominal part of the esophagus extends from the diaphragm to the cardiac region of the stomach (______) 1.25cm

Answer 17

cardial orifice)

Question 18

the esophagus is attached to the diaphragm by way of the _____

Answer 18

phrenicoesophageal ligament (allows movement during breathing)

Question 19

the left border of the esophagus is delineated from the stomach by the

Answer 19

cardiac notch

Question 20

what anatomical line lines the abrupt change in the epithelial lining of the esophagus

Answer 20

zig zag line (z line)

Question 21

what vertebral landmark is the z line located

Answer 21

@ T11

Question 22

esophagus is lined with ____ epithelium above diaphragm

Answer 22

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 23

below the diaphragm the esophagus is lined with ____ epithelium

Answer 23

columnar

Question 24

what artery supplies the esophageal branch of the esophagus

Answer 24

left gastric artery

Question 25

what artery supplies the lower portion (abdominal portion) of the esophagus

Answer 25

left inferior phrenic artery

Question 26

portal venous return of the esophagus via liver

Answer 26

left gastric vein (alcoholic cirrhosis)

Question 27

systemic venous return of esophagus through the ___

Answer 27

azygos vein

Question 28

para and sym innervation of esophagus

Answer 28

para - vagus nerve CN X | sym - greater and lesser splanchnic nerves

Question 29

what are the 5 parts of the stomach

Answer 29

1. cardia 2. fundus 3. cardial notch 4. body 5. pyloric

Question 30

surrounds the superior orifice of stomach

Answer 30

cardia

Question 31

superior portion of the stomach that is associated with the diaphragm

Answer 31

fundus

Question 32

found between the esophagus and fundus of the stomach

Answer 32

cardial notch

Question 33

central portion between the fundus and pylorus (largest part of stomach)

Answer 33

body

Question 34

funnel shaped inferior region of the stomach

Answer 34

pyloric

Question 35

largest part of the pyloric funnel is the

Answer 35

pyloric antrum

Question 36

the narrow inferior part of the pyloric is the

Answer 36

pyloric canal

Question 37

distal sphincter region of the stomach that controls the discharge of stomach contents

Answer 37

pylorus

Question 38

ventral aspect of the primitive foregut - right border of stomach

Answer 38

lesser curvature

Question 39

dorsal aspect of the primitive foregut - left border of stomach

Answer 39

greater curvature

Question 40

dorsal mesentery attached to the greater curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon

Answer 40

greater omentum

Question 41

ventral mesentery attaches the stomach and proximal duodenum to the liver and is divided into hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments

Answer 41

lesser omentum

Question 42

what is found within the portal triad within the hepatoduodenal ligament

Answer 42

1. portal vein 2. hepatic artery 3. bile duct

Question 43

folds seen inside the stomach

Answer 43

gastric rugae

Question 44

what are the 5 arteries that supply the stomach

Answer 44

1. left gastric 2. right gastric 3. right gastro-omental 4. left gastro-omental 5. short gastric

Question 45

arises from celiac trunk and runs in the lesser omentum to the cardia, turns back to run along the lesser curvature of the stomach and anastomose with the R gastric a.

Answer 45

left gastric a (may give off esophageal branches)

Question 46

arises from the proper hepatic artery and runs along the lesser curvature

Answer 46

right gastric a

Question 47

arises from the gastroduodenal artery and runs along the greater curvature to anastomose with the left gastro-omental artery within the greater omentum

Answer 47

right gastro-omental a

Question 48

arises from the splenic artery and runs along the greater curvature

Answer 48

left gastro-omental a

Question 49

arise from splenic artey and vascularizes the fundus of the stomach

Answer 49

short gastric a

Question 50

para and sym innervation of the stomach

Answer 50

para - vagal trunks sym - T6-T9 levels of the stomach (pregang fibers from greater splanchnic) T5-T9 (postgang from celiac ganglion)

Question 51

20 feet in length

Answer 51

small intestine

Question 52

(1 foot) C shaped and receives bile from gall bladder, and enzymes from the pancreas

Answer 52

duodenum

Question 53

(8 foot) majority of chemical digestion occurs here. mucosa has circular folds of Kerckring gibing it a rough appearance. found MOSTLY in LUQ

Answer 53

jejunum (long vasa recta)

Question 54

longest part, contents empty into cecum after passing the ileocecal valve. found MOSTLY in RLQ

Answer 54

ileum (short vasa recta)

Question 55

short vasa recta with 2-3 layer of arterial arcades

Answer 55

ileum

Question 56

long vasa recta and one layer of arterial arcades

Answer 56

jejunum

Question 57

para and sym of small intestine

Answer 57

para - posterior vagal trunk | sym - postgang superior mesenteric ganglia

Question 58

part of duodenum that sits @ L1 and has hepatoduodenal ligament (ventral mesentary)

Answer 58

superior part of duodenum

Question 59

part of duodenum that sits @L1-L3 and has hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater

Answer 59

descending part of duodenum

Question 60

the union of the bile duct and the major pancreatic duct

Answer 60

hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater (not tag in lab)

Question 61

prominence on the inside of the duodenum

Answer 61

major duodenal papilla (tag in lab)

Question 62

this part of the duodenum is crossed by the superior mesenteric artery and vein

Answer 62

horizontal part

Question 63

part of duodenum that ascends to the L2 vert. and is short

Answer 63

ascending part

Question 64

allows for the facilitation of movement of intestinal contents and is supported by the suspensory muscle (ligament of Trietz)

Answer 64

duodenojejunal flexure

Question 65

the horizontal and ascending parts of the duodeum are mainly vascularized by the

Answer 65

superior mesenteric artery

Question 66

what two arteries supply the proximal part down to the bile duct of the duodenum

Answer 66

gastroduodenal a and superior pancreaticoduodenal a

Question 67

the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is from the

Answer 67

superior mesenteric artery

Question 68

para and sym innervation of the duodenum

Answer 68

para - vagus nerve | sym - celiac ganglia and superior mesenteric ganglia