Urinary System

Question 1

the kidneys are ____ organs located on either side of the vertebral column

Answer 1

retroperitoneal

Question 2

kidneys lie anterior to the muscles of the _____ abdominal wall

Answer 2

posterior

Question 3

kidneys are located in the ___ and___ ____ quadrants

Answer 3

R and L upper quadrants

Question 4

medial border of each kidney has the _____ which is the place where the renal vessels and the ureter are found

Answer 4

renal hilum

Question 5

at the hilar region, the _____ is the most posterior structure

Answer 5

ureter

Question 6

outer region of the kidney surrounding medulla

Answer 6

cortex

Question 7

innermost region of kidney

Answer 7

medulla

Question 8

portion of cortex that extends between the renal pyramids

Answer 8

renal columns

Question 9

striated looking structures, contained within the medulla, that have the apex pointing toward the minor clayx

Answer 9

medullary pyramids (renal pyramids)

Question 10

“cap” of cortical tissue and the pyramid that the nephrons extend into

Answer 10

renal lobe

Question 11

initial drain for urine which is emptied into by the renal pyramids, merge to from 2-4 major calices

Answer 11

minor calyx

Question 12

large funnel shaped chamber that collects urine from the major calices. continues distally as the ureter

Answer 12

renal pelvis

Question 13

fat filled space where the vessels, calices, renal plevis and nerves occupy

Answer 13

renal sinus

Question 14

structures located at the apical part of the medullary pyramid. tips of the ____ have the opening of the collecting ducts which drain into the minor calices

Answer 14

renal papilla

Question 15

both the bowman’s capsule and glomerulus are located where in the kidney

Answer 15

renal cortex

Question 16

the ___ renal vein is longer than the ___ renal vein

Answer 16

L longer than R

Question 17

innervation of kidney

Answer 17

sym: renal plexus (least splachnic n)

Question 18

what 2 vessels drain into the L renal vein that do not drain into the R

Answer 18

left adrenal v

left gonadal v

Question 19

ureters are _______ tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Answer 19

retroperitoneal

Question 20

3 locations of ureter constriction

Answer 20

1. junction of the ureter and renal pelvis
2. crossing pelvic brim
3. entering the wall of the bladder on the posterior inferior aspect

Question 21

renal pain is located where

Answer 21

flank/groin referral (sympathetics T12-L2)

Question 22

bladder is located just behind the pubic symphysis in the ____ space

Answer 22

retropubic

Question 23

males bladder sits _____ bc of the prostate

Answer 23

higher

Question 24

what are the 4 regions of the bladder

Answer 24

1. neck
2. body
3. apex
4. uvula

Question 25

which area of the bladder is suspended by the puboprostatic and pubovesical ligaments

Answer 25

neck of the bladder

Question 26

area where the ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice are located

Answer 26

trigone of the bladder

Question 27

the trigone of the bladder (ureter and urethra) are derived from what

Answer 27

mesonepheric ducts

Question 28

smooth muscle that covers the bladder

Answer 28

detrusor muscle

Question 29

detrusor muscle is under ____ stimulus

Answer 29

parasympathetic

Question 30

____ ligament holds up the male bladder

Answer 30

puboprostatic

Question 31

____ ligament holds up the female bladder

Answer 31

pubovesical

Question 32

arterial supply of bladder for both sexes

Answer 32

superior vesical artery

Question 33

inferior vesical artery supplies some of the posterior and inferior regions of the bladder in _____

Answer 33

males

Question 34

vaginal artery supplies some of the posterior and inferior regions of the bladder in __

Answer 34

females

Question 35

innervation of the bladder

Answer 35

para: pelvic splanchnic nerves S2-4 (motor to detrusor muscle and inhibits internal urethral sphincter) sym: T11-L2 vesical nerve plexus

Question 36

bladder pain follows ______ vertebra levels

Answer 36

T11-L2 | S2-S4

Question 37

what are the 3 parts of the male urethra

Answer 37

1. prostatic (widest part) 2. membranous (passes external urethral sphincter) 3. spongy (penile)

Question 38

innervation of the male urethra

Answer 38

pudendal nerve and prostatic plexus

Question 39

what is the blood supply of the female urethra

Answer 39

internal pudendal artery and vaginal arteries

Question 40

innervation of the female urethra

Answer 40

pudendeal nerve only

Question 41

suprarenal glands are also known as

Answer 41

adrenal glands

Question 42

cortex of the suprarenal glands are derived from

Answer 42

mesoderm

Question 43

cortex of the suprarenal glands secrete

Answer 43

corticosteroids and androgens

Question 44

medulla of the suprarenal glands are derived from

Answer 44

neural crest cells

Question 45

medulla of the suprarenal glands secrete

Answer 45

catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Question 46

arteries that supply the suprarenal glands

Answer 46

superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries

Question 47

right adrenal vein drains into the ___

Answer 47

IVC

Question 48

left adrenal vein is joined by the ___ and drains into the ____

Answer 48

inferior phrenic vein | left renal vein (MRI TAG)

Question 49

innervation of the suprarenal glands

Answer 49

sym: branches of greater splanchnic nerve synapse in medulla

Question 50

para innervation of adrenal glands

Answer 50

NONE