Digestive System II

Question 1

large folds in the mucosal layer to increase absorptive surface area (jejunum and ileum)

Answer 1

plica

Question 2

finger like projections that are covered with columnar epithelium and goblet cells (jejunum and ileum)

Answer 2

villi

Question 3

fats that have been absorbed and combined with protein to make them soluble, are too large to enter blood capillaries and must enter the lacteal and then from lymphatics go to blood (jejunum and ileum)

Answer 3

chylomicrons

Question 4

major artery of the jejunum and ileum is

Answer 4

superior mesenteric artery

Question 5

the jejunum and ileum are structures of ____ in origin

Answer 5

midgut

Question 6

what two branches does the superior mesenteric artery give off that go to the jejunum and ileum

Answer 6

1. arterial arcades (arcuate arteries)

2. vasa recta (straight arteries)

Question 7

vessels that directly vascularize the small intestinal loops and project from the arcuate arteries

Answer 7

vasa recta (straight arteries)

Question 8

venous return is through the ileal and jejunal veins which eventually drain into the

Answer 8

superior mesenteric vein

Question 9

the superior mesenteric vein join with ____ to from the ___

Answer 9

splenic vein

portal vein

Question 10

what makes up the portal vein

Answer 10

superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

Question 11

the jejunum has ____ vasa recta

Answer 11

long

Question 12

the ileum has ___ vasa recta

Answer 12

short

Question 13

sympathetic innervation of the jejunum and ileum

Answer 13

superior mesenteric ganglia (pregang nerve: lesser splanchnic T10-T11)

Question 14

what is the sympathetics function for the jejunum and ileum

Answer 14

decrease motility in the intestine

Question 15

parasympathetic innervation of the jejunum and ileum

Answer 15

posterior vagal trunk

Question 16

what is the parasympathetic function for the jejunum and ileum

Answer 16

stimulate motility and secretions of the intestines

Question 17

pain sensation is NON EXISTENT, however ______ is perceived as colic in the jejunum and ileum

Answer 17

distention

Question 18

what makes up the large intestine

Answer 18

cecum, appendix, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum, and upper anal canal

Question 19

sacculations found on the colon

Answer 19

haustra

Question 20

3 longitudinal bands of muscle along the length of the large intestine, forms the haustra and helps propel the bolus during peristalsis

Answer 20

teniae coli

Question 21

fatty projections attached to the teniae coli

Answer 21

omental appendices (epiploic)

Question 22

the cecum is found in what quadrant and what arterial supply

Answer 22

RLQ, ileocolic artery (45* down to the right)

Question 23

innervation of the cecum (para and sym)

Answer 23

para- vagus

sym - superior mesenteric ganglia: preganglionic fibers - lesser splanchnic nerve

Question 24

partial invagination of the ileum into the cecum, producing two folds that cover the passage of the ileum to the cecum

Answer 24

ileocecal valve

Question 25

a diverticulum attached to the cecum with an appendicular arterial branch providing blood from the ileocolic artery

Answer 25

appendix

Question 26

in the young the appendix is a ____, in the elderly the mucosa becomes mostly ___

Answer 26

lymphoid structure | fibrotic

Question 27

sensory pain fibers follow the sympathetics along the ___ spinal level for the appendix

Answer 27

T10

Question 28

the ascending colon is a _____ structure

Answer 28

retroperitoneal

Question 29

the arterial supply of the ascending colon is by the ____ and MAINLY the _____

Answer 29

ileocolic arteries | right colic arteries

Question 30

the transverse colon is a ____ structure

Answer 30

intraperitoneal

Question 31

the transverse colon is associated with the ____ and ____ colic flexure

Answer 31

right and left

Question 32

main arterial supply of the transverse colon is provided by

Answer 32

middle colic artery

Question 33

what is the terminal branch of the superior mesenteric artery

Answer 33

middle colic artery

Question 34

innervation of the ascending 2/3 of the transverse colon

Answer 34

sym: superior mesenteric prevertebral ganglion para: vagus nerve up to the left colic flexure

Question 35

the descending colon is a _______ structure

Answer 35

retroperitoneal

Question 36

what is the arterial supply of the descending colon

Answer 36

left colic artery from inferior mesenteric artery

Question 37

what is the arterial supply of the sigmoid colon

Answer 37

left colic and sigmoid arteries

Question 38

what is the arterial supply of the rectum

Answer 38

superior rectal artery

Question 39

innervation of the descending and sigmoid colon

Answer 39

sym: superior hypogastric plexus using INFERIOR MESENTERIC PLEXUS ON IMA para: pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

Question 40

what are the 4 parts of the pancreas

Answer 40

1. head (uncinate process) 2. neck 3. body 4. tail

Question 41

the main pancreatic duct begins at the ______ of the pancreas to the ____ where it exits and meets the

Answer 41

tail head bile duct

Question 42

main pancreatic duct + bile duct =

Answer 42

hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater

Question 43

hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater empties into the

Answer 43

descending portion of the duodenum

Question 44

what controls the flow of bile and pancreatic fluids into the duodenum

Answer 44

sphincter of Oddi

Question 45

the pancreas is ____ derived

Answer 45

foregut

Question 46

body and tail of the pancreas is supplied by what artery

Answer 46

splenic artery

Question 47

head and neck of pancreas is supplied by what arteries

Answer 47

gastroduodenal and pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 48

innervation of the pancreas

Answer 48

sym: celiac ganglion para: vagus nerve

Question 49

what arteries supply the liver

Answer 49

hepatic arteries (O2 rich)

Question 50

what vein supplies the liver

Answer 50

portal vein (nutrient rich)

Question 51

what venous supply drains the liver

Answer 51

inferior vena cava

Question 52

failure of liver: where are the two anastomotic sites

Answer 52

1. esophagus | 2. rectum

Question 53

anastomotic site: the esophageal branch of the _____ anastomoses with the esophageal veins that drain into the ______

Answer 53

``` left gastric vein (portal) azygos vein (systemic) ```

Question 54

anastomotic site: middle and inferior rectal veins (systemic) anastomoses with the _______ which drains into the IMV (portal)

Answer 54

superior rectal vein

Question 55

superficial veins of the anterior abdominal wall that connect to the left branch of the portal vein travel though _______ accompanying the __________

Answer 55

paraumbilical veins: falciform ligament ligamentum teres of the liver

Question 56

veins of the colon, pancreas, duodenum, and liver anastomose with the

Answer 56

renal, lumbar, and phrenic veins (retroperitoneal veins)

Question 57

lesser omentum attaches the liver to the stomach and duodenum via

Answer 57

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments (portal triad)

Question 58

to the right of the lesser omentum is the opening of the

Answer 58

omental foramen

Question 59

what is the recess called posterior to the liver

Answer 59

hepatorenal recess

Question 60

innervation of the liver

Answer 60

para - vagus | sym - celiac ganglia

Question 61

bare area where no visceral peritoneum covers; this region that touches the diaphragm is called

Answer 61

septum transversum

Question 62

R/L hepatic ducts empty into the

Answer 62

common hepatic duct

Question 63

empties the gall bladder biliary content into the common bile duct

Answer 63

cystic duct

Question 64

formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct

Answer 64

common bile duct

Question 65

prevents bile from entering the duodenum when contracted

Answer 65

choledochal sphincter (end of bile duct)

Question 66

what are the three parts of the gallbladder

Answer 66

1. fundus 2. body 3. neck

Question 67

what supplies the gallbladder and the cystic duct

Answer 67

cystic artery

Question 68

what does the cystic artery arise from

Answer 68

R hepatic artery

Question 69

drain blood from the gallbladder and the ducts into the liver

Answer 69

cystic veins

Question 70

innervation of the gall bladder

Answer 70

para - vagus and CCK sym - celiac plexus sensory - R phrenic n

Question 71

what is the largest lymphoid organ

Answer 71

spleen

Question 72

spleen is attached to the stomach via

Answer 72

gastrosplenic ligament

Question 73

spleen is attached to the L kidney via

Answer 73

splenorenal ligament

Question 74

gastrosplenic and splenoreneal ligament are _______ derivatives

Answer 74

dorsal mesentery

Question 75

artery and vein that supplies the spleen

Answer 75

splenic artery and vein

Question 76

sympathetic innervation of spleen

Answer 76

celiac plexus