Digestive System I Flashcards by Ashlyn Laidman

What are the two subdivisions of the oral cavity?

Vestibule

2. Oral Cavity Proper

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What areas of the oral cavity are included in the vestibule region?

behind the lips, in front of the teeth with the mouth closed

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What areas of the oral cavity are included in the oral cavity proper?

Behind teeth, roof of mouth, tongue, oral pharynx

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What is the function of the tonsils? Where are they located?

Surveillance system for immune system

Make a ring around oral pharynx

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What are the three types of mucosa?

Masticatory
Lining
Specialized

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What are the characteristics of the masticatory mucosa? Where is it found?

Keratinized/parakeratinized

Gingiva, hard palate

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What is parakeratinization? Where is it found?

Still some nuclei

found in gingiva, hard palate

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What are the characteristics of the lining mucosa? Where is it found?

Nonkeratinized

Lips, cheeks, soft palate

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What are the characteristics of the specialized mucosa? Where is it found?

specifically in the regions of the taste buds on lingual papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue;
contains nerve endings for general sensory reception and taste perception.

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What are the three aspects of the mucosa?

Epithelium
Lamina papilla
Muscularis mucosa

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What are the three aspects of the submucosa?

Dense connective tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels, and the submucosal plexus (plexus of Meissner)

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What are the three layers of the lips?

Cutaneous (external)
Red (vermillion)
Oral Mucosa

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What are the characteristics of the cutaneous/external layer of the lips?

Keratinized
Hair follicles
Sebaceous and sweat glands
Thin

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What are the characteristics so the red (vermilion) layer of the lips?

Thick
Keratinized
Papillae
large stratum spinosum
deep rete ridges full of LCT

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What gives lips their red color?

The deep rete ridges full of LCT, which includes blood vessels, in the red/ vermilion layer of the lips

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In what layer of the lips are the Meisner’s corpuscles located?

The red/vermilion layer

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What are the characteristics of the oral mucosa?

Thick epithelial layer

para/nonkeratinized

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What does the submucosa of the cheeks do?

Anchors mucosa to underlying skeletal muscle

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What characteristics of the lamina propria allow for the movement of skeletal muscle in the cheeks?

The lamina propria is less thick

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Are the cheeks kerintinzed? Is the lamina propria and submucosa dense or loose?

Nonkeratinized

Dense

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What two parts of the gingiva does the lamina propia bind to?

Periosteum and periodontal ligament

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What do gingiva lack? (2)

Lack submucosa

Lack glands

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Are gingiva keratinized?

Keratinized

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What is the function of the gingiva?

Barrier to lower regions of the tissue, blocking micro bacteria etc

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What is the function of the hard palate?

Assists tongue in preparation of bolus

What type of mucosa lines the hard palate?

Masticatory mucosa

What is the submucosa of the hard palate made of?

Adipose tissue

What function does the palatine raphe severe in the hard palate?

Directly attaches to palatine bone which makes the hard palate immovable

What is the function of the soft palate?

Prevents passage of food/fluids between oral and nasal pharynges

What type of mucosa lines the soft palate?

Lining mucosa

Does the soft palate have a thick or shallow lamina propia?

Shallow

Does the hard palate have a thick or shallow lamina propia?

Thick

What are the three types of salivary glands? What are the relative percentages of saliva they produce?

1. Parotid gland (25%) 2. Submandibular gland (65-70%) 3. Sublingual gland (5%)

Where is the paratid gland located? Where does the duct open?

Temporal region | Opens at second molar

Where is the submandibular gland located? Where does the duct open?

Submandibular triangle of the neck | Ducts opens at lingual frentum

Where is the subligual gland located? Where does the duct open?

Sublingual folds at floor of oral cavity | Numerous ducts

What salivary gland contains assinide serous along? How does this cause the salivary gland to stain?

Paratid (serous) gland | Stains darkly

What salivary gland contains a mix of assinide serous gland and mucous gland? How does this cause the salivary gland to stain?

Submandibular gland | Stains light - clear

What salivary gland contains more mucous than serous overall? How does this cause it to stain?

Sublingual gland | Stains very light

What does the muscular core of the tongue consist of? Type of muscle, how many planes?

Bundles of striated muslce | Arranged in 3 different plans for diverse movement

What is the muscle core anchored to mucosa of tongue by?

Lamina propria CT

What are the characteristics of the ventral surface of the tongue? keratinized? thick or think lamina propia? Why type of mucosa?

Nonkeratinized Thin lamina propia Lining Mucosa

What type of mucosal lining does the dorsal surface of the tongue have? What is the anterior 2/3 made of? The posterior 1/3?

Specialized mucosa anterior 2/3 = lingual papillae posterior 1/3 = lymphoid aggregates

What are the sulcus terminales?

Circumvallate papillae that create a V on the tongue separating the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

What are the four types of lingual papillae?

1. Filiform 2. Foliate 3. Fungiform 4. Circumvallate

Filiform lingual papillae; abundant? do they have taste buds? keratinized? grooved?

Most abundant No taste buds Lp grooves Keratinized

Foliate lingual papillae; location? grooved? taste buds? ducts?

On the sides of the tongue Deep groove with duct entrance at the bottom Taste buds on lateral side

What is the purpose of the ducts in foliate lingual papillae?

Tastants and wash away taste buds ?

How do we distinguish papilla on foliate lingual papillae?

Primary papilla = large | Secondary papilla = individual papilla located within the primary papilla

Fungiform lingual papillae; location? taste buds? color? distinguish papillae?

Scattared across tongue Taste buds close to the surface Red because LCT is close to the surface Primary and secondary

Circumvalle lingual papillae; size? location? taste buds? function?

Huge Taste buds on the lateral side of the groove Takes up secretants, solubilize, wash away

What are taste buds responsible for?

5 stimuli of taste 1. Sweet 2. Salty 3. Bitter 4. Sour 5. Umami

What are the three principal cell types in taste buds?

1. Neuroepithelial cell 2. Supporting Cell 3. Basal cell

What do neuroepithelial cells in taste buds look like? What do they synapse with?

Large, light staining nuclei Apical to basal surface Synapse with gustical afferent neuron

What do the nuclei of the supporting cells of taste buds look like?

Dark, elongated nuclei

What do the nuclei of the basal cells of taste buds look like? What domain do they fall in?

Small, dark nuclei Basal domain only STEM Cells

How are neuroepithelial cells and supporting cells used in the cellular pathway of taste?

Tastant binds to receptors on microvilli on the cells that extend into the taste pore > electrical signal

What kind of receptor binds to bitter, sweet, and umami? What does the rest of the signaling pathway look like?

Tastant binds > GPCR > PLC > Ca release > NT

What does the cellular pathway look like for sour signaling?

sour > H+ > proton channels > Ca release > NT

What does the cellular pathway for salty look like?

Salt > Na > influx through channels > Ca release > NT

How many deciduous (primary) teeth in children?

The ___ deciduous are replaced by ___ permanent (secondary) teeth in adults, plus ___ additional teeth

20, 20, 12

Teeth are composed of a ____ and a _____

Crown | Root

When do teeth form? When do they rupture?

Form during gustation | Rupture at 6 months of age

When do you lose your deciduous teeth?

6-12/13 years old

What is the enamel of the tooth?

hard outer coating | 96% mineralized

What are the three layers of specialized tissue in the tooth?

Enamel Cementum Dentin

What is the difference between the critical crown and anatomic crown of the tooth?

Critical crown is seen | Anatomic crown is under the surface

What is dentin? what percentage is mineralized?

70% mineralized

What is cementum? % mineralized?

Covers root of the tooth | 50-55% mineralized

What is the central pulp cavity? what tissue type? vascular or avascular? function?

Vascularized Highly ordered CT, LCT Supports the rest of the tooth

What is the periodontal ligament? What tissue type is it?

Locks the tooth into place with limited movement Comes out of the bottom of the tooth and binds to bone Fibrous CT

What is the alveolar bone?

Bony housing surrounding root of tooth | From the jaw

What is the gingiva? What is it attached to?

Gums Oral mucosa located around neck of tooth Attached to teeth and underlying alveolar bony tissue

What are the four stages of tooth development?

1. Bud Stage 2. Cap Stage 3. Bell Stage 4. Apositional Stage

Talk me through tooth development

1. Bud Stage; epithelium envelopes in and cells are recruited from the mesoderm to form the pulp and root 2. Cap Stage; you have early-stage amyloplasts, cells begin to congregate to form the dental papilla 3. Bell Stage; closing off from oral epithelium, becomes a contained structure, start to see jaw bone making the boney socket 4. Apositional Stage; the developing tooth is completely separate, begins to see layers (dentin, enamel, pulp)

What do odontalblasts do?

Synthesize and secrete denten away from the pulp canal

What do ameloblasts do? How long do they live?

Synthesize the enamel | Die once the tooth ruptures, no new generation of the enamel

What is cementum? How is it made? % mineralization?

Cementum lines the exterior of the root 70-75% mineralized Cementoblasts produce cementoid and then get surrounded and become cementocytes

What are Sharpey's fibers? Tissue type? Where are they located?

Type I collagen fibers released by cementoblasts | They extend from the periodontal ligament into the cementum

What are Dental Caries? How do they form?

Cavity | The enamel layer begins to wear away and exposes dentin below

What are Viridin Steptacoxy?

Type of bacteria Fermenting sugars > biofim (plaque) formation > recruitment of other bacteria > bacteria goes beneath the gum line (disrupts the barrier) Can also cause periodenotal disease

What is the gingical sulcus?

Makes barrier between outside oral cavity and ??

Digestive System I Flashcards

(84 cards)