Digestive system overview

Question 1

What is metabolism? What two types can it be divided into?

The _______ of consumed energy goes through metabolism

Answer 1

A complex series of chemical reactions in organisms, essential to maintain life

Catabolism, anabolism

majority

Question 2

What is catabolism? What type of chemical reaction does it resemble?

Answer 2

metabolic reactions that break down large molecules into smaller ones.

decomposition

Question 3

What is anabolism? What type of chemical reaction does it resemble?

Answer 3

metabolic reactions that produce larger molecules out of smaller ones

synthesis

Question 4

What is metabolic rate? What does it depend on?

Answer 4

The rate at which the body converts stored energy into working energy.

BASH:

Body size (more muscle mass = higher metabolism)
Age (younger = lower metabolism)
Sex (males have higher metabolism)
Heredity factors (genetics)

Question 5

What is Basal Metabolic Rate also known as?

What is this?

Answer 5

resting rate

the rate at which and organism uses energy during its resting state

Question 6

What are carbohydrates (CHO)?
How many calories per gram of carbohydrates?
What are they made of?

Answer 6

Main source of energy of the human body

4 cal/g

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 7

What three groups are carbohydrates classified into? Indicate if they are simple or complex CHO and give an example of each

Answer 7

Monosaccharides - simple CHO, e.g. glucose & fructose
Disaccharides - simple CHO, e.g. lactose & sucrose
Polysaccharides - complex CHO, e.g. glycogen

Question 8

Complex CHO needs to be broken down into _______ before the body can _____ the energy _____ in the molecule.

Answer 8

glucose
use
stored

Question 9

Excessive CHO is stored as ________ in the _______ and ________. Once storage is at its limit, CHO is converted into ________.

Answer 9

glycogen
liver
muscles
lipids–fat

Question 10

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

Answer 10

C6H12O6

Question 11

How are proteins important to the human body? (6)

Answer 11

Building blocks--give the body structure
Movement
Hemoglobin transports oxygen
Hormones--testosterone, estrogen
Immune system is a protein structure
Last resort: source of energy

Question 12

What are proteins made of?

Answer 12

Amino acid chains

Question 13

Amino acids differ in _____ and _____. This dictates their ______.

Answer 13

size and shape

function

Question 14

How many different amino acids are there? How many are made by the body and how many must be obtained through diet?

Answer 14

20 total

12 are made by body
8 must come from diet

Question 15

Proteins from what source contain all essential amino acids?

Answer 15

Animal proteins

Question 16

Lipids are a __________ source of chemical energy. How many calories per gram of lipids?

Answer 16

concentrated

9 cal/g

Question 17

What are the four functions of lipids?

Answer 17

HICA

Hormones
Insulation for body
Cell membranes - main component
Absorption of vitamins

Question 18

Lipids are made of three _____ _____ and a ______.

Answer 18

fatty acids

glycerol

Question 19

What are the two categories of fat? Indicate their state of matter at room temperature.

Answer 19

Saturated (animal fat, solid at room temp) and unsaturated (oils, liquid at room temp)

Question 20

What is an example of an essential fatty acid?

Answer 20

Omega-3 fatty acid