Digital Signals Flashcards
Regardless of whether a signal is analog or digital, one of the key specifications to factor into an AV design is _____.
bandwidth
_____ is the visual representation or pattern of a digital signal.
Eye pattern
An unencoded audio signal’s bandwidth requirements are in direct relationship to the signal’s _____ and _____.
sampling rate (measured in hertz) and bit depth (measured in bits)
The formula for the required data throughput of a single unencoded audio stream is as follows:
Sampling Rate × Bit Depth × Number of Channels = Bit Rate (bps)
Common audio sampling rates include the following:
Telephone
A. 8kHz B. 44.1 kHz C. 48 kHz D. 96 or 192 kHz E. 2.8 MHz
A. 8kHz
Common audio sampling rates include the following:
Audio CD
A. 8kHz B. 44.1 kHz C. 48 kHz D. 96 or 192 kHz E. 2.8 MHz
B. 44.1 kHz
Common audio sampling rates include the following:
DVD Audio
A. 8kHz B. 44.1 kHz C. 48 kHz D. 96 or 192 kHz E. 2.8 MHz
C. 48 kHz
Common audio sampling rates include the following:
Blue-ray Disc
A. 8kHz B. 44.1 kHz C. 48 kHz D. 96 or 192 kHz E. 2.8 MHz
D. 96 or 192 kHz
Common audio sampling rates include the following:
Super Audio CD (SACD)
A. 8kHz B. 44.1 kHz C. 48 kHz D. 96 or 192 kHz E. 2.8 MHz
E. 2.8 MHz
The formula for black-and-white, uncompressed digital video signal bandwidth is as follows:
Horizontal pixels × Vertical pixels × Bit depth × Frames per second = Bit rate (bps)
A 4:4:4 color video signal requires ____ times the bandwidth of its black-and-white counterpart.
three
The formula for three-channel, uncompressed digital video signal bandwidth is as follows:
Horizontal pixels × Vertical pixels × Bit depth × Frames per second × 3 = Bit rate (bps)
Computers have a transparency layer called a(n) _____.
alpha channel
The formula for four-channel uncompressed digital video signal bandwidth is as follows:
Horizontal pixels × Vertical pixels × Bit depth × Frames per second × 4 = Bit rate (bps)
____ sampling uses all three signals in equal proportion.
A. 4:4:4
B. 4:2:2
C. 4:2:0
D. 4:1:1
A. 4:4:4
____ sampling includes all the luminance information, but only half the red and blue channels.
A. 4:4:4
B. 4:2:2
C. 4:2:0
D. 4:1:1
B. 4:2:2
____ sampling includes all the luminance information, but only one-fourth of the color information is sampled.
A. 4:4:4
B. 4:2:2
C. 4:2:0
D. 4:1:1
D. 4:1:1
____ sampling is used for broadcast TV.
A. 4:4:4
B. 4:2:2
C. 4:2:0
D. 4:1:1
B. 4:2:2
The formula for 4:2:2 digital video signal bandwidth is as follows:
Luminance + Cr + Cb= Bit rate (bps)
where
- Luminance = Frames per second × Bit depth × Horizontal pixels × Vertical pixels
- Cr (red) = Frames per second × Bit depth × 1/2 Horizontal pixels × Vertical pixels
- Cb (blue) = Frames per second × Bit depth × 1/2 Horizontal pixels × Vertical pixels
The formula for 4:1:1 digital video signal bandwidth is as follows:
Luminance + Cr + Cb = Bit rate (bps)
where
- Luminance = Frames per second × Bit depth × Horizontal pixels × Vertical pixels
- Cr (red) = Frames per second × Bit depth × 1/4 Horizontal pixels × Vertical pixels
- Cb (blue) = Frames per second × Bit depth × 1/4 Horizontal pixels × Vertical pixels
____ sampling is mathematically the same as 4:1:1 sampling in terms of required bandwidth, with basically the same color resolution and a different pixel pattern.
4:2:0
AV Program Bandwidth formula:
Video bit rate + Audio bit rate + Overhead = Total required bandwidth (bps)
With _____ compression, the AV data is the same after it’s been compressed and decompressed as it was originally. All the data remains intact.
A. Lossless
B. Lossy
A. Lossless
_____ compression techniques compress and discard “unneeded” data while still returning an acceptable-quality stream after decoding. The compression program examines a video or audio segment for detail that is less important or less noticeable.
A. Lossless
B. Lossy
B. Lossy
