Suborder Cyclorrhapha families
“Circular-seamed fly”
Family Muscidae
Family Glossinidae
Family Hippoboscidae
Family Sarcophagidae
Family Calliphoridae
SubFamily Oestridae
Genera under Family Muscidae
Musca (housefly, facefly)
Stomoxys (stablefly)
Haematobia (Hornfly, buffalo fly)
Fannia
Piercing-sucking type under family Muscidae
Haematobia and Stomoxys
Larvae have D-shaped posterior spiracles
Haematobia
Larvae have D-shaped posterior spiracles
Haematobia
Larvae has 3 S-shaped slits well separated from each other
Stomoxys
Larvae has S-shaped slits posterior spiracles that are close together
Musca
Adults remain on the back of their host, leaving only to fly to another host
female: drops eggs in freshly passed feces
Haematobia irritans
(hornfly/ buffalo fly)
Disease Carried by Musca domestica
stomach worms
Draschia megastoma - horses
Habronema muscae - horses
Both sexes feed on blood
Stomoxys
Haematobia
tsetse flies
Family Glossinidae
Genus Glossina
Arista: unilaterally plumose
Wing: hatchet-shaped medial cell
Both sexes feed on blood (2-3days)
Disease: T. brucei, T. rodesiense, T. gambiense
Nagana (T. bruceu, T. congolense, T. vivax)
Arista is unilaterally plumose
Glossina spp.
Riverine species
Glossina palpalis group
Glossina Savannah species
Glossina morsitans group
Rainforest species
Glossina fusca group
Provides all life stages protection against insect viruses in Glossina. It is found in ovaries and are maternally inherited
Wolbachia spp.
Provides nutritional supplementation for female fecundity and larval development. found in mil gland tubules and larval gut
Wigglesworthia spp.
Found all over the body, it contributes towards tsetse flies susceptibility to Tryposomes, allowing the protozoa to establish in their gut.
Passed to larva through milk glands
Sodalis spp.
unusual group as they do not resemble a fly at all. Are dorsoventrally flattened and sometimes wingless flies.
Family Hippoboscidae
“keds”
“louse flies”
“forest flies”
Hippobiscid that feeds on mammals
shorter, stouter legs and heavier claws
Hippoboscid that feed on birds
longer, thinner legs and claws
Genus under Family Hippoboscidae
Genus Hippobosca
Genus Melophagus
Genus Lipotena
Genus Pseudolynchia
both sexes feed on blood
Biologic vector of Haemoproteus columbae
Pseudolynchia canariensis
Hippobiscid with wings & halters
Hippobosca equina
Pseudolynchia canariensis
Hippobiscid with no wings or halters
Melophagus ovinus
“sheep ked”
Hippoboscid with wings but will later lose them.
w/ halters
Lipoptena cervi
Disease of sheep ked
species
- Melophagus ovinus
Disease: Typanosoma melophagium
Dog louse fly
Hippobosca longipennis
IH: Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides
Host: dog
“blow flies”
Family Calliphora
Metallic colors
eggs are laid in perimeter around body orifices and small open wounds of warm blooded animals.
screw-worm fly
Chrysomya bezziana (metalic blue)
Cochliomya (Callitroga) hominivorax - metalic green
Eggs are deposited in sandy areas where animal lie
Cordylobia anthropophaga
“tumbo, mango fly”
“Fleshflies”
Family Sarcophagidae
Genus Sarcophaga
Genus Wolfahrtia
viviparous
100-200 larvae
“botflies” / “ warble flies”
Family Oestridae
Larva forms a lump with a breathing hole (Warble)
Hypoderma spp.
Larvae burrow skin on the host’s back and spine
Hypoderma bovis
Larvae burrow around esophagus
Hypoderma Lineatum
females deposit larvae on intermadibular space
Family Oestridae
Gastrophilus nasalis
Larvae is deposited on the hair on lips
Family Oestridae
Gastrophilus hemmorrhoidalis
Hair ang deposited around forelegs/ shoulders
Gastrophilus intestinallis
females of this species lays their egg along or near rodent/ rabbit and immediatly hatches.
Cuterabra spp.
Females of this species capture another bloodsucking fly and glue the eggs on their abdomen
Dermatobia hominis
treatment of myiasis
-Coumaphos dipped, sprayed, or smeared directly on maggot infested lesionsq
“fleas”
Order Siphonaptera
Their antennae are short and club-like and regressed into the head. They possess long and strong legs, the 3rd pair of legs being the longest
Order Siphonaptera
“fleas”
dark spines on the ventral aspect of the head
Genal Ctenidia/ combs
Dark spines on the posterior aspect of the prothorax
Pronatal Ctenidia/combs
Sexual Dimorphism of Siphonaptera
Females are larger and dorsal surface is rounded
Males dorsal surface is flatter and ventral surface is curved; aedeagus is present
Flea family that is infrequent and brief association with the host; spends more time on nest/bedding and only feed on host on short periods
Suborder Siphonaptera
Family Ceratophyllidae
Adult fleas have prolonged association with host2; eggs will be laid on host and drop off later
Suborder Siphonaptera
Family Pulicidae
Characterized by having no genal combs, but have many pronotal combs
Family Ceratophyllidae
Genus Ceratophyllus
Genus Nosopsyllus
Cosmopolitan parasites of rodents
Nosopsyllus fasciatus
“northern rat flea”
Host: rat, mouse, human
Nosopsyllus fasciatus is a vector of what disease
Yersinia pestis (black plague)
Rickettsia typhi (murine typhus)
Family Pulicidae
Ctenocephalides spp.
Spilopsyllus cuniculi
Echidnophaga gallinacae
Pulex irritans
Xenopsylla cheopis
Tunga penetrans
Flea:
Head is elongated (more in females than in males) and pointed anteriorly
Disease it carries
Ctenocephalides felis felis
-IH Dipylidium caninum
-Rickettsia typhi
-Bartonella henselae (cat-scratch fever)`
Relatively rarer than C. felis
Head is rounded on anterior surface.
Disease it carries
Ctenocephalides canis
-Dipylidium caninum
remains for long periods with mouthparts embedded in host. Life cycle is believed to be mediated by host’s hormones.
Disease it transmits
Spilopsyllus cuniculi
disease: Francisella tularensis
Frons of the head is sharply angled; often found on the head, comb, or wattles of poultry.
Females burrow into skin and leaves only posterior end on surface
Echindophaga gallinacae
“sticktight flea”
it is thought that the original principal hosts were pigs; no genal and pronatal combs
Pulex irritans
“human flea”
flea found in hedgehogs
Archeopsylla erinaceid`
Transmit Yersinia Pestis
Xenopsylla cheopis
Nosopsyllus fasciatus
females slash skin of host an d burrows into the wounds, leaving only the last abdominal segments on skin surface. the host skin proliferates during healing (nodule) and covers the flea except the last abdominal segment
Tunga penetrans
“Jigger / Chigoe”
the triangular shield; characteristic of Hemiptera
Scutellum
Proboscis is divided into three segments
Order Hemiptera
“true bugs”
has 2 pair of wings, 3-segmented beak and 4-segmented antennae
Disease they transmit
Family Reduviidae
“kissing bugs /assassin bugs”
Disease: Typanosoma cruzi / Chagas disease
Via posterior station
Ectoparasite of eutherian (Placental mammals)
-Suborder & Family
Suborder ANOPLURA
-Family Haematopinidae
-Family Linognathidae
