Directions and Patient Positioning Flashcards by Danielle Shoebottom

middle of clavicle bone

midclavicular line

-good reference point for measuring the liver

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when the transducer is at an angle (less than 90 degree) against the patient’s skin

oblique

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patient sitting at a 90 degree angle (back straight)

erect

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towards the back of the body

posterior/ dorsal

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imaginary line that is parallel and lateral to the clavicle bone

midaxillary line

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separates the body into a front portion and back portion

coronal/ frontal

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left or right

lateral

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further away from the skin surface

deep

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towards the feet

caudal

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pt lies on their back with the right side of the body elevated at a 45 degree angle

Left Poterior Oblique (LPO)

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supine

laying on back

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when the transducer is at a 90 degree angle against the patient’s skin

perpendicular

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what is the median plane

the plane that separates the body into the right and left quadrants

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Lithotomy Position

-transvaginal exams

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Reverse Trendelenberg Position

-ideal for vascular scan in feet and legs to see venous blood pool at bottom of leg

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towards the point of reference

proximal

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above the point of reference, towards the head

superior

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patiient lays on left side with right arm up over head

Left lateral Decubitus (LLD)

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away from the point of reference

distal

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on ultrasound scan, when an organ or vessel is all black inside (shows no echoes)- indicates there is fluid inside

anacoic

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in btw ribs

intercostal

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prone

laying face down

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patient lays on right side with left arm up over head

Right lateral decubitus (RLD)

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a good reference point at the beginning of an abdominal exam

xiphoid process of sternum

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what is the transumbilical plane

separates the body into upper and lower quadrants

underneath the rib cage

subcostal

towards the head

cranial/ cephalic

separates the body into vertical halves

sagittal/longitudinal

on the opposite side of

contralateral

moving the transducer medial to lateral

sliding

Trendelenburg Position -good for larger belly pregnant women to all gravity to help get the belly out of the way

organs in the RUQ of body

Right lobe of liver (large section) gallbladder (Posterior to liver) Common Bile duct right kidney pancreas duodenum small portion of stomach Transverse colon Right adrenal gland

toward the patient's midline

medial

below the point of reference, toward the feet

inferior

Name the quadrants of the body

on the same side

ipsilateral

towards the front of the body

anterior/ ventral

the middle of the pt's body

midline

Name the quadrants of the body

closer to the surface of the skin

superficial

separates the body into horizontal halves

transverse/ axial

patient reclined to about a 45 degree angle

semi-erect

pt lies on their back with the left side of the body elevated at a 45 degree angle

Right poterior oblique (RPO)

Name the directional planes in order

Saggittal/Longituidnal Transverse/axial coronal/frontal

When you measure anterior to posterior, what are you measuring?

height

What is echoegenic?

the ability to return sound waves/producing sound waves ex) organs/ tissues

what is isoechoic?

when structures have the same relative echo density

what is hyperechoic?

brighter than normal or brighter than adjacent structures

what is hypoechoic?

not as bright as normal or less bright than adjactent structures

anechoic

no echoes, black ex) IVC, AO

homogeneous

even and uniform echo pattern

heterogeneous

uneven echo pattern with varying echodensities

DMS frequency range is btw

2-15MHz

Explain why we use low frequencies for deep penetration and high frequencies for superficial penetration

•Higher frequencies have shorter wavelengths & are absorbed/attenuated more easily. Therefore, higher frequencies are not as penetrating. This explains why high frequencies are used for the superficial body structures and low frequencies are used for those that are deeper.

1 Hertz =

1 wave per second

frequency range for deep abdomen or OB/GYN scanning

2.0-2.5 MHz

frequency range for general abdominal/ OB/GYN imaging

3.0-3.5 MHz

frequency range for vascular, breast, and pelvic imaging

5 MHz

frequency range for breast/thyroid imaging

7.5 MHz

frequency range for Breast, thyroid, superficial veins/masses, MSK imaging

10 MHz