Key Terms 1,5,8,12 Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
a disease causing microorganism that is contained within human blood
A
bloodborne pathogen
2
Q
A spore forming bacterium that releases toxins into the bowel
A
Clostridium difficile (C Diff)
3
Q
Measures used to block the spread of pathogens by either direct or indirect contact
A
Contact precautions
4
Q
Transference of microorganisms from on infected person to another person by direct touch or by indirect transmission from a contaminated object or person
A
Contract transmission
5
Q
Communicable by contact
A
Contagious
6
Q
The process that inactivated virtually all recognized pathogenic microorganisms except for spores on inanimate objects
A
Disinfection
7
Q
Infection transmission by respiratory droplets carrying infectious pathogens directly from the respiratory tract of the infectious individual to susceptible surfaces of the recipient
A
Droplet transmission
8
Q
Special precautions taken when there is potential for someone to come into contact with infectious waste, such as diarrhea
A
Enteric precaution
9
Q
Inflammation of the liver
A
Hepatitis
10
Q
Enlargement of the liver
A
Hepatomegaly
11
Q
The virus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome
A
Human immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
12
Q
A person with an impaired immune system
A
Immunocompromised
13
Q
A means of disease transmission by a contaminated object termed a vector
A
Indirect transmission
14
Q
A condition that results when microorganisms cause injury to a susceptible host
A
Infection
15
Q
Diseases that are spread from one person to another
A
Infectious diseases
16
Q
Yellowing of skin and white of sclera of the eyes
A
Jaundice
17
Q
Type of antibiotic resistant bacteria that easily colonizes on the skin and transmits from patient to patient either by direct or indirect contact
A
MRSA
18
Q
Manner in which microorganisms can be transmitted
A
Mode of transmission
19
Q
Respirator that can be worn to avoid contracting airborne pathogens
A
N95 respirator
20
Q
Hospital acquired infection
A
Nosocomial infection
21
Q
Organism that lives in or on another organism from which it gathers nourishment
A
Parasite
22
Q
Items worn by healthcare professionals to preorder them from exposure or contact with infectious agents
A
PPE - personal protective equipment
23
Q
The lowest level of infection control that includes use of soap or detergent, warm water, and manual friction
A
Sanitization
24
Q
Life threatening immune response that is the result of a bacterial infection
A
Sepsis
25
Measures for reducing the risk of microorganism transmission from both recognized and unrecognized sources
Standard precautions
26
The complete destruction of all microorganisms including spores on inanimate objects
Sterilization
27
Name 4 types of pathogens
Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Parasites
28
Never leave a patient room with ___ on.
Gloves
29
What is the most common health care associated infection?
Urinary Tract infection due to catheter
30
When should sterile gel be used?
When scanning someone with open would and transducer cover
Also when patient is immunocompromised
31
Staph infection that is resistant to antibiotics
MRSA
32
Why is c diff so dangerous?
Highly resistant to disinfectants
Spread easily
Toxins in bowel
33
When should the N95 fitted mask be worn?
Around airborne diseases such as tuberculosis
34
CDC stand for
Centers for disease control and prevention
35
1 in ___ people carry staph in their noses
1 in 3 ppl
36
The second most common microbe to cause nosocomial infection
VRE - Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
37
The most common bloodborne infection in the US is
HCV (hep c)
38
___ can live within pooled dried noodles for more than a week
HBV
39
Ways to break the cycle of infection
Wash hands
PPE
Dispose of syringes in proper container
Never recap a needle
40
What is PPE?
Person protective equipment
- gloves
- mask
- gown
- booties
41
How to clean hands when patient has diarrhea?
Wash with soap and water
-DONT use alcohol gel
42
Standard precaution applies to
All patients
43
When do you discard if your gloves, gowns and mask?
BEFORE you leave the patient room/area
44
Order that you get dressed when putting on PPE
1) mask
2) gown
3) gloves
45
Order that you take off PPE
1) gloves
2) gown
3) mask
46
When is enteric precaution used?
When patient has c diff or patient has diarrhea
47
When a patient is in strict isolation, when should the equipment be cleaned and what PPE should be worn?
Clean after leaving the room
| Mask, gloves, gown
48
When would droplet precaution be put in place?
If a patient has TB or COVID
| - use of N95 fitted mask is necessary
49
When is reverse isolation used and what PPE should be taken?
When a patient has neutropenia or compromised immune system
-wear sterile gloves, gowns, and mask
Use sterile gel and sterile transducer cover
50
Patient with very low WBC
Neutropenia
51
If a patient is in reverse isolation, when should I wash ur hands?
Before entering the room
52
Types of wound skin precautions
Gangrene
Cellulitis
Burns
Staph infection
-may need to use sterile gel and sterile gloves
53
If you are exposed to any pathogen or get hurt on the job, what should you do?
Notify management and teachers ASAP
54
No sterile environment
Asepsis
55
Use of soap and warm water
Sanitize
56
Use of bleach or hydrogen peroxide
Disinfect
57
Chemical disinfectant
Sterilization
Transvaginal transducer should be soaked for 10-15 mins
58
For a transvaginal exam, where should the gel be placed?
On the inside and outside of the probe cover
-always ask patient first if they are allergic to latex
59
How long before the avg sonographer starts experiencing pain?
5 years
60
What is the number one injury in the sonography field?
Shoulder
61
The scientific study of creating tools and equipment that help the human body adapt to the work environment
Ergonomics
62
Repeated use of awkward ___ and ____ can lead to WRMSD’s.
Abduction-away from body
| Addiction- toward to body
63
Poor posture can lead to
Muscle spasm
64
Low frequency is used for
Going deeper in the body- larger patients
65
High frequency is used for
Superficial structures or skinny patients
66
Repetitive motion can cause
Muscle fatigue
| Static muscle loading
67
Pressure applied with transducer in combination with sustaining a static posture
Static muscle loading
68
A closed fluid filled sac that contains synovial fluid
Bursa
69
Inflammation of the bursa
Bursitis
70
A repetitive motion injury that is characterized by tenosynovitis of the thumb side of the wrist
De quervain disease
71
Tennis elbow; inflammation in the elbow area
Epicondylitis
72
Palpable painful cysts located within tendons on wrists ankles or feet
Ganglion cysts
73
Inflammation of the ligament on the bottom of the foot
Plantar fasciitis
74
Nerve entrapment disorder that results in inflammation or irritation of tibial nerve located within the foot
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
75
Inflammation of the tendon
Tendonitis
76
Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow
Tennis elbow
77
What does WRMD stand for?
Work related musculoskeletal disorders
78
What percent of sonographers experience a shoulder injury?
84%
79
Technique that ultimates both features of nuclear medicine and computed tomography
PET
80
All of the following are suggested daily tasks for the sonography student in clinicals except:
A) replaces dirty line and after exam
B) completes preliminary reports unassisted
C) inform sonographers of needed supplies
D) reviews protocols
B
81
Normal range of human hearing
Btw 2-20,000 Hz
82
What term is described as reasoning based on factual knowledge using critical thinking?
Inferences
83
Which of the following is not provided by the sonographer on sonographer report?
A)diagnosis
B)descriptive sonographic terminology
C)location of pathology
D)measurements of normal and abnormal structures
A
84
Which of the following would best be described as a symptom?
Positive urine pregnancy test
Chest radiography report
Biopsy results
Nausea
Nausea
85
What is pulse echo technique?
Ultrasound transducer sends an ultrasound wave into the body and then listens for the returning echo
86
What term may be used to describe the optimal location on the body for placement of the ultrasound transducer to demonstrate both normal anatomy and pathology?
Acoustic window
87
Which of the following would not be considered clinical history information?
A) headaches
B) gallbladder wall thickening demonstrated during sonogram
C) microscopic hematuria
D) diarrhea
B
88
Name some inflammatory diseases linked to WRMDs
```
Tendinitis
Tenosynovitis
Epicondylitis
Bursitis
Carpal tunnel
Pinched nerve
```
89
What is the 20-20-20 rule?
For every 20 mins of scanning, look 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Reduced the stress in ur eyes.
90
Your shoulder and elbow should be no more than at a ___ angle when scanning
30 degree
91
Where would a sonographer most likely suffer from WRMSD?
Shoulder
92
What disorder is described as a repetitive motion injury that is characterized by tenosynovitis of the thumb side of the wrist
De Quervain disease
93
What percentage of sonographers report scanning in pain?
Btw 80-90%
94
The patient position should be adjusted so that the patient is
As close to the sonographer as possible
95
Ganglion cysts are most like found in
Wrist
96
What is described as a compression of the nerves and blood vessels of the neck and should die to repetitive strain?
Thoracic outlet strain
97
What syrup is most affected by plantar fasciitis?
Ligament in the bottom of the foot
98
What imaging mode displays the returning echoes as dots of varying brightness?
B mode
99
Which of the following Doppler techniques does not display an image and uses two crystals— one for sending and one for listening?
Continuous wave Doppler
100
Which control enhances the resolution of the image in a specific area?
Transmit zone and focus
101
Which control allows for the adjustment of the brightness of the entire image?
Overall gain
102
Which control allows for the adjustment of the brightness of a specific depth within the image?
Time gain compensation
103
Which control varies the penetration of the echoes displayed on the monitor?
Depth
104
Which control would allow the sonographer to select the depth at which the velocity of the blood is measured within a selected vessel?
Pulsed wave Doppler
105
What term means toward the feet, away from the head?
Inferior
106
What term means located on the opposite side of the body?
Contralateral
107
What term means closer to the attachment of an extremity?
Proximal
108
Which control relates to the amount of energy the transducer is emitting?
Acoustic power
109
The measurement tools utilized in sonography are termed
Calipers
110
Which mode displays the strength of the returning echoes as spikes on a scale?
A mode
111
What term is defined as away from the middle of midline of the body?
Lateral
112
What position is the patient in when he or she is lying on his or her back?
Supine
113
What term is described as toward the front of the body?
Anterior
114
What position is described as lying face down?
Prone
115
Which of the following is not a term for the reference point found on a transducer
Notch
Groove
Index
Spike
Spike
116
Which control allows the sonographer to rewind the image?
Cine loop
117
Which control allows the demonstration of motion of the structures along a single scan line?
M mode
118
Which of the following is associated with the clinical finding of jaundice?
Hapatitis
119
At what time would an alcohol based hand rub be suboptimal?
When ur hands are visibly soiled
120
Which of the following is transmitted via an airborne fashion?
Tuberculosis
121
What is the most likely manner by which a healthcare worker would be exposed to HBV?
Needle
122
Enteric precaution a form of
Contact precaution
123
Which of the following is not a bloodborne pathogen?
HCV
TB
HIV
HBV
Tuberculosis
