Disability

Question 1

The Eugenics Model

Answer 1

The science of improving humankind through selective breeding. Around 90% of Down Syndrome pregnancies are terminated (Tom Shakespeare).

Question 2

The Charity Model

Answer 2

Referring to common charities which see disabled people as victims of circumstances which results in them being seen as inferior, not seeing disabled people as individuals. Swaine criticises this model for the fact it creates emotions of pity in order to raise money on behalf of disabled people. Some groups have been advocating for ‘rights, not charity’.

Question 3

The Medical Model

Answer 3

The idea that disabled people need constant care from medical personnel. Disability is determined by impairment. Explains their disadvantages position and hence the low level on the stratification system. Care and dependency take precedence over rights and autonomy (Thompson).

Question 4

The Social Model

Answer 4

The disadvantaged position of disabled people is a result of society rather than impairment. Disability is imposed by social expectations of a society organised by the non-disabled (Shearer).