Gender

Question 1

Abbot and Wallace

Answer 1

Argue that women’s continuous employment is also undermined by the fact that the husband’s career and pay is often regarded as more important.

Question 2

Fawcett Society

Answer 2

Advocates for gender equality, addressing issues such as the gender pay gap, vertical segregation (lack of women in leadership roles), and disposable women in low-paid, precarious jobs.

Question 3

Hakhim

Answer 3

Introduces “preference theory,” suggesting women’s employment choices reflect personal preferences rather than structural constraints. She identified three main groups: Adaptive women (balancing work and family life), Work-centred women (prioritise their careers), Home-centred (prioritise family life, limiting paid work).

Question 4

Parsons

Answer 4

Human capital theory - refers to knowledge possessed by individuals to create economic value. Murdock’s functions of the family. Olsen and Walby talks about a systemic as women-centric jobs get paid less.

Question 5

Barron and Norris

Answer 5

Dual-labour market theory - Women are usually limited to the primary and secondary sector, are subject to horizontal and vertical segregation.

Question 6

Sharpe

Answer 6

Gender role socialisation - bedroom culture means that femininity takes on a subordinate role. 73% of girls and 65% of boys pass their A-levels grades A* to C

Question 7

Marxist feminism

Answer 7

Reserve army of labour- hired during booms and fired during crashes. Seen as disposable.